讲义编号：
一、名 词 表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。 强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was；最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断，以免受误导。 1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”： a．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ； 读音：清辅音后读[s]，浊辅音和元音后读[z]。 b．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-bus, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；读音：[iz]。 c．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为在线翻译 日语i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries ；读音：[z]。 d．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves；读音：[z]。 e．以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况 1）有生命的+es 读音：[z] 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes 2) 无生命的+s 读音：[z] 如：photo-photos radio-radios f. 不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mou-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chine-Chine, Japane-Japane 2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量 词+of”。例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice 判断步骤： ↗如是am、is或was→原形 读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看be动词 ↘如是are或were→加s或es 练一练： 1、写出下列各词的复数。 I _________ him _________ this _______ her ______ watch _______ mango_______child _______ photo________diary______ day________ foot________dress________tooth_______sheep______ box_______ strawberry_____thief_______engineer______peach______ sandwich______ man______ woman_______ leaf_____ people________ 2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。 （pie是什么意思1）Are there two ( box ) on the table? （2）I can e some ( people ) in the cinema. （3）How many ( day ) are there in a week? （4）Here’re five ( bottle ) of ( juice ) for you. （5）This ( violin ) is hers. Tho ( grape ) are over there. 答案：1. we , they ,the, they, watches ,mandoes,children, photos ,diaries,days , feet, dress, teeth , sheep ,boxes , strawberries, thieves, engineers , peaches, sandwiches ,men ,women ,leaves ,people 2.(1)boxes (2)people (3)days (4)bottles \juice (5)violin ,grapes 二、冠 词 冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。 1、不定冠词：a、an。用在单数名词前，表示“一个，一件……”。an用在以元音“音素”开头的单词前。如： an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour… 2、定冠词：the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。它的基本用法： （1）用来表示特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：The map on the wall is new. （2）表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture, plea. （3）表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful. （4）用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun太阳 the moon月亮 the earth地球 （5）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Great Wall长城 （6）用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如：the Changjiang River长江 （7）此外，序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the。如： the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class 确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。 god knows练一练： 1、 用a或an填空。 2、____ “U” ____ ice-cream ____ goalkeeper ____ teapot ____apple ____office ____English book ____umbrella ____unit ____hour 答案：1.a , an , a, a , an ,an .an, an ,a ,an 2、根据需要，填写冠词a，an或the。 （1）Who is ____girl behind ____tree?(the, the ) （2） ____old man has two children, ____ son and ____daughter.(The, a,a) （3）This is ____ orange. ____ orange is Lucy’s.(an, The) （4）He likes playing ____guitar. We have ____same hobby.(the , the ) （5）We all had____good time last Sunday. (a) （6）She wants to be____doctor.(a) 三、数 词 我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。区别：基数词前面没有“the”；序数词前一定要有“the”。 1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上“-”。如：21 twenty-one 2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上and。如：101 a/one hundred and one 3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时，一定别忘了它的复数形式。如：十八个男孩 eighteen boys 4、用基数词修饰不可数名词时，如是复数，变它的量词为复数。如：两碗米饭 two bowls of rice 5、序数词一般加“th”，特殊的有：first, cond, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth… 练一练： 1、请翻译下列短语。 （1）60名学生 (sixty students ) （2）15本英语书 (fifteen books) amend（3）12月31 ( December ,31th) （4）6月2日 (June,2nd) （5）第九周 ( the ninth week ) （6）40年前 ( forty years ago ) 2、把下列基数词改成序数词。 one-- first two--- cond three--- third nine--- ninth fourteen--- fourteenth twenty--- twentieth thirty-five---thirth-fifth eighty-one---eight-first 四、代 词 代词有两种：人称代词和物主代词。 1、人称代词分为：第一、第二、第三人称，且有单复数之分。 proceed什么意思2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般用在动词前（疑问句除外）；宾格在句中做宾语，多用于动词、介词后。 3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，后面一定要跟名词，表示该名词是属于谁的。 4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如： This is my bag. = This is mine. That is her ruler. = That is hers. 一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。 请牢记下表：
练一练： 1、按要求写出相应人称代词。 I（宾格）_______ she（形容词性物主代词）_______ we（名词性物主代词）_______ he（复数）_______ us（单数）_______ theirs（主格）_______ its（宾格）_______ 答案：me , her ,ours they, me, they, it 2、想一想，把下表补充完整。
3、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1）That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I ) 2）The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she ) 3）Is this _________ watch? ( you ) No, it’s not _________ . ( I ) 4）_________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Tho stamps are _________. ( he ) 5）_________ dress are red. ( we ) What colour are _________? ( you ) 6）Show _________ your kite, OK? ( they ) 7）I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. The cakes are _________. ( it ) 8）Are the ________ tickets? No, ________ are not _________. ________ aren’t here. ( they ) 9）Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom. ( we ) 10）_________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job? _________is a nur. ( she ) 答案： 1.my,mine 2.hers ,her 3.your,mine 4.He,His,his 5.Our, yours 6.them 7.Its, its 8.their, they ,theirs Theirs 9.we ,our 10.She ,her, She 课后作业： 一、写出下列字母的左右邻居，注意区分大、小写字母。（14分） 1. F_______ H 2. ______ s _______ 3. _______W________ 4. p _____r 5. ______ u ______ 6. ______I ______ 7. ______ N ______ 8. ______ k _______ 二、填入所缺的字母, 使其成为一个完整的单词并译成中文 (10分) 1. ___ ___ at , ____________。 2. pen__ __ l , ___________。 3. rul __ __ , __________。 4. colo__ __ , ____________。 5. g__ __ d , ____________。 三、根据所提供的情景选择适当的句子。（10分） 1．（ ）你想知道对方姓名，应说＿ A．My name is Han Mel． B． What's your name？ C． Hello． 2．（ ）早上遇见刘老师，应说＿ A．Thank you，Mr. Li． B．How？ C．Good morning，Mr. Liu． 3．（ ）别人向你打招呼 Hello！你应说＿ A．What's your name？ B．Hello！ C．Thank you． 4．（ ）假如你叫林峰，当有人问你What's your name？时，你应回答_____． A．I'm fine，too B．Nice to meet von C．My name is Lin Feng. 5．（ ）见到客人站着，你应说， A．Sit down．plea． B．How are you？ C．I'm fine，too． 6．（ ）下午与同学见面，你应说____ A．Good afternoon． B．What's your name？ C．How are you？ 7．（ ）晚上分手时所用礼貌用语是： A．Hi! B．Hello! C．Good night! 8．（ ）当经介绍后认识某人，你应该说： A. Good morning. B. Plea sit down. C. Thank you. D. Nice to meet you. 9．（ ）上课铃响了，教师走进教室，班长应该说： A．Plea come in. B．Good morning. C．Stand up. 10．（ ）想知道对方的年龄，应怎样问？ A．How old are you? B．How are you? C．How do you do?. 四、在表格中选择合适的词语，使句子通顺合理。(8分) of , with, at, in, on , Thank you, must, doing 1、 There is something wrong ________ my watch. 2、They go to the park _________ weekends. 3、This is an old photo __________ my family. 4、Mike usually gets up _________ 6:45. 5、We _______ go home now. 6、We plant trees ________ spring. 7、“ What is he _______?” “ She is reading.” 8、A：Happy birthday to you! B：____________. 五、按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。(10分) 1． Open the window, plea. (改为否定句) ________ open the window, plea. 2. I can e a bottle of water on the table. (就划线部分提问) ________ can you _________ on the table? 3. There are thirty students in the classroom. （对划线部分提问） How _________ __________ are there in the classroom? 4. There are some birds in the picture. (改为一般疑问句句) __________ there ___________ birds in the picture? 5. They often play football on the playground.（就划线部分提问） ________ ________ they often _______ football? kochia六、 用所给动词的适当形式填空。（10分） 1. It’s time _____________(have) lunch. 2. Can you __________(jump) very high? 3. I want ___________(go) and play basketball. 4. Jim and Bill________________ (sing) in the room now. 5. What’s in the ___________(teacher) room? 6. There are some __________(book) on the desk. 7. Is _________(we) football under the desk? 8. There ________(be) a picture of my father in my bag. 9. The boy often _________(play) football here . 10. Let _________( we ) help you find it. 七． 选择填空(20分) 1.( ) The students ______ their homework every day. Now they _______ their homework. A. do, do B. does, doing C. doing, are doing D. do, are doing 2.( ) What' s wrong ______ your pencil-box? A. about B. with C. for D. of 3.( ) _______ are working now. A. The women workers B. The woman workers C. The women worker D. The woman teacher 4.( ) “What are the students doing?” “Some______ books and others ______ at the blackboard.” A. are looking, are reading B. are reading, are watching C. are watching, are looking D. are reading, are looking 5.( ) “Can you help me with my English ?” “________________________” A.I think. B. Yes, I can. C. I can't think so D. No, thanks 6.( ) The students are going to ______ trees on the hill. A. playing to B. planting C. plant D. working 7.( ) I want ________ the hou. Could you ________ me? A. clean; help B. to clean; help C. to clean; to help D. cleaning; to help 8.( ) The children are __________TV now. A. watching B. reading C. looking D. eing 9.( ) What _____ the man ______ over there? A. is, do B. are, doing C. is, doing D. are, do 10.( ) Where's my pencil-box? I ______ it. A. am not eing B. am not finding C. can't find D. can't look at 11.( ) It’s time to ______ up. A. getting B. got C. gets D. get 12.( ) One of the boys_____ my brother. A. is B. are C. am D. be 13.( ) Let's come and ______ some water. A. to drink B. drink C. drinking D. drinks 14.( ) The players are playing _____ football. A. a B. an C. the D. / 15.( ) ______ are the two students doing in the classroom? A. Who B. What C. Where D. Who 16（ ）. That girl is new in our class . Do you know ___________ name? A. her B. she C. he D. his 17（ ）.—Can you play with a yo-yo , Jim ? —Yes , I ___________ . It’s easy . A. must B. can C. am D. may 18 ( ).September 10th is ___________ . A. Women’s Day B. Children’s Day C. Mid-autumn Day D. Teachers’ Day 19 ( ). This cond-hand camera is much ___________ than that new one . A. cheap B. cheaper C. dear D. dearest 20 ( ).Every morning, I have ______ egg and _______ glass of milk for my breakfast. A、an…an B、a…a C、an…a D、/…a 八、阅读短文，根据短文内容选择答案。（5分） Some students are in Han Mei’s hou. They are talking about many things. They are eating and drinking something. Han Mei’s mother is cooking for them. It’s eleven o’clock. It’s lunch time. They are eating. Han Mei says, “Help yourlves.” Jim likes eggs. Kate likes rice. Lucy likes bread. Lily doesn’t like bread. She likes bananas. They are drinking ten bottles of orange. They are having a very good time. ( )1. Who are in Han Mei’s hou? A. A student B. Some students C. Han Mei D. Jim, Kate ( )2. They are drinking ten _________. A. bottle of orange B. bottles of orange C. bottle of oranges D. bottles of oranges ( )3. ________is cooking for them. A. Han Mei B. Some students C. Han Mei’s mother D. Han Mei’s father ( )4. Lucy ________. A. likes rice B. likes eggs C. likes bananas D. likes bread ( )5. When are they having lunch? ________. A. At six B. At ven C. At twelve D. At eleven 九、阅读对话，根据对话内容判断，正确 “T”，错误“F”。（5分） John: When is my birthday, mum? iqua Mum: Your birthday is in May. John: And when is my father’s birthday? Mum: His birthday is in April. John: And you, mum? Mum: My birthday is in June. John: Oh, dear! Father is only one month older than me, and I am one month older than you, mum! ( ) 1、John’s birthday is in January. ( )2、John’s father’s birthday is in April. ( ) 3、John’s mother’s birthday is in June. ( ) 4、John’s father is only one month older than John. ( ) 5、John is one month older than his mother. itemize十、完形填空：阅读短文，并从四个选项中，选择正确的答案。（8分） My father __ 1____ a good friend in the factory (工厂). He is sixty. He is an old man. All of the children like him. We call ____2___ Uncle Sam. He __3___ from England. He ___4___ in Sichuan. He can’t __5____ Chine. We teach(教) him Chine He ___6_ us English. He ___7____ work on Sundays. He __8___ making things. And he likes watching TV with his children at night. ( )1. A. have B. haves C. has D. is ( )2. A. he B. they C. him D. his ( )3. A. come B. comes C. goes D. to come ( )4. A. live B. living C. lives D. to live ( )5. A. speak B. tell C. say D. talk ( )6. A. teach B. teachs C.teaches D.teaching ( )7. A. do B. don’t C. does D. doesn’t ( )8. A .likes B. like C. to like D. liking 答案：无 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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