物理专业英语
English in Physics
教材：《物理专业英语》，李淑侠、刘盛春，哈尔滨工业大学出版社
学时：32
目的：
1、增加了解——专业词汇、语法、结构
2、扩宽专业知识
3、打基础——文献的查阅、翻译、写作
内容：(5 parts)
1、Mechanics力学
2、Thermodynamics & Statistical Physics热力学与统计物理
3、Optics光学
4、Electromagnetism电磁学
5、Modern Physics近代物理
Part 1 The physical fundamentals of mechanics
Charpter1 kinematics
§1-0 Prologue
questions:
Can you briefly describe mechanics in your mind?
Study the motion of the material bodies
Have long history
Tremendous growth by Galileo and Newton
What can we do applying the principles of mechanics?
翻译设备Pdiaoyu islandredict motions \ analy motions and explain the cau
Why mechanics is most important branch of physics?
The first complete branch,furnish the basic concepts of whole physics, influence the other branches.
passages:
✧ Now we apply some principles to the motions of artificial satellites such as an orbiting Space Shuttle. In general, the principles of mechanics can be applied to
i. The motions of celestial objects so as to accurately predict events, in some cas many years before they happen, for example, the return of the Halley’s comet;
ii. The motions of ordinary objects on Earth , for example, an automobile or a thrown baball;
iii. The behavior of atoms, atomic particles, and subatomic particles, with considerable success.
words出席英文：
● kinematics [,kini'mætiks, kai] n. the branch of mechanics concerned with motion without reference to force or mass运动学；动力学李济勋
● celestial [si'lestjəl] adj. adj.1. of or relating to the sky 2. relating to or inhabiting a divine heaven 3. of heaven or the spirit 天上的，天空的
● space shuttle n. a reusable spacecraft with wings for a controlled descent through the Earth's atmosphere太空飞船
● comet ['kɔmit] n. (astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit
● differentiate [,difə'renʃieit] v. 1. mark as different 2. be a distinctive feature, attribute, or trait; sometimes in a very positive n 3. calculate a derivative; take the derivative4. become different during development cells differentiate 5. evolve so as to lead to a new species or develop in a way most suited to the environment 6. become distinct and acquire a different character vi. 区分，区别vt. 区分，区别
§1-1Mechanical motion
questions:
● What must we introduce or consider when we describe the mechanical motion?
● Why do we usually study the idea models, such as particle and rigid body?
● When a body we study is regarded as a point particle ? or a rigid body?
● How can we describe the motion of a body or system ?
● How many kinds of the motion of the rigid body? And what they are?
● lace是什么意思Can you describe the Cartesian coordinates as a example in this ction?
Passage:
✧ It was indicated above that motion in mechanics is defined as the change in the mutual arrangement of the bodies. If we imagine a parate isolated body in a space where no others are prent, then we cannot speak of the motion of the body becau there is nothing with respect to which the body could change its position. It thus follows that if we intend to study the motion of a body, then we must indicate with respect to what other bodies the given motion occurs.
✧ To describe the motion of a body means to indicate for every moment of the time the position of the body in space and its velocity. allerganTo t the state of a mechanical system, we must indicate the positions and the velocities of all the bodies forming the system. A typical problem of mechanics consists in determinin
g the states of a system at all the following moments of time t when we know the state of the system at a certain initial moment t0 and also the laws governing the motion.
✧ It is simpler to treat a point particle than an extended body. We shall therefore first study the mechanics of a particle, and then go over to the mechanics of a rigid body. We shall start with kinematics, and then 调酒培训学校delve into dynamics. We remind our reader that kinematics studies the motion of bodies without regard to what caus this motion. Dynamics studies the motion of bodies with a view to what caus this motion to have the nature it does, i.e. with a view to the interactions between bodies.
Word:
timepiece ['taimpi:s] n. a measuring instrument or device for keeping time 计时器
stationary ['steiʃənəri] adj. 1. standing still 2. not capable of being moved 固定的；静止的；定居的；常备军的
quite的意思
reference frame n. 领事馆英语a system that us coordinates to establish position参考系，参考坐标系
constant ['kɔnstənt] adj. 1. persistent in occurrence and unvarying in nature 2. continually recurring or continuing without interruption 3. steadfast in purpo or devotion or affection 4. uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing n.1. a quantity that does not vary2. a number reprenting a quantity adj. 不变的；恒定的；经常的globaln. [数] 常数；恒量
