高中英语新高考-英语作文:写作重磅四讲(三):如何合并句子
我在前两讲中讲到了如何写简单句和如何扩句。本讲更进一层,对读者的要求更高了。读者需要明白:一个句子并非越长越好。我们提倡:恰到好处。做到这一点,就要考虑在你写出好多复杂的长句时,能否将它们精炼?合句顾名思义:将两个或多个简单句合并成一个句子。这实际上涉及到句型的转换了。句型转换能写出一本大书,基本上就是:从简单句或并列句向复合句的转换;从复合句向非谓语动词或介词短语的转换。我这里无意大篇讲语法知识,只是从写作的角度谈谈。合句不仅仅可以通过语法手段,还有用词途径。能否将一个句子(或者从句)用一个名词短语代替是值得我们思考的,而这体现的更是高层次锤炼句子的功底了。本篇文章会给你思路。
提纲::
gossip girl 第二季1.合句方法一:从语法的角度合句
2.合句方法二:从用词的角度合句
3.抽象名词翻译练习
(高手请进,尤其是冲击雅思托福满分作文,我在答案里给大家总结了使用规律)
合句方法一:从语法的角度合句stay歌词
两个句子,要想合并,必须做两件事:寻找逻辑关系;寻找同义名词或代词。
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(1)寻找逻辑关系:看两个句子之间是否存在因果、时间、条件、假设、让步等关系,先考虑状语从句,然后考虑是否可以转为定语从句。以上两种实际上都可以再合并为非谓语动词。差不多就是下面这个样子:
简单句或并列句—》定语从句
简单句或并列句—》状语从句—》非谓语动词
当然还有一种合并:将一个从句用动名词短语结构代替或独立主格结构,后者尤其常用于漫画作文中。
(2)寻找同义名词或代词。两个句子之间如果存在共同的名词或代词,那么往往第一时间可以合并为定语从句。
下面我们来试一试:(以下句子都是改自《新概念英语4Lesson 33--Education》,读者先看看汉语翻译,然后翻译,最后对照英语原文,看看英语大家如何合句的。)
我们许多人都相信,一个没有受过教育的人,是逆境的牺牲品,被剥夺了20世纪的最优越的机会之一。现代国家深深懂得教育的重要性,对教育机构投资,收回的‘利息’便是培养出大批有知识的男女青年,这些人可能成为未来的栋梁。
(1) Many of us believe that if one does not receive education, he is the victim of adversity and deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. (2) Modern states know clearly the importance of education. (3) They invest in institutions of learning. (4) The interest they get back is to cultivate a large group of well-educated young men and women. (5) They can be future leaders.
比较:
A man without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adver circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convince
d of the importance of education, modern states 'invest' in institutions of learning to get back 'interest' in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders.在线英语翻译中文
分析:(从结构上看)
(1)if one does not receive education变为:A man without an education2020高考理综试题及答案解析
评:将状语从句转换成介词短语。介词成分是英语文章的灵魂。
(2)he is the victim of adversity and deprived of one of…改为:he is the victim of adversity, deprived of one of…
评:分析并列句之间的逻辑关系,and deprived of…是前一个动作的结果,可以用分词短语来转换。
(3)Modern states know clearly the importance of education. They invest in institutions of learning.被变为:Convinced of the importance of education, modern states invest in institutions of learning.
高中生留学评:原来两个单句之间存在因果关系,可以用非谓语动词结构,再考虑convinced一词。
(4)The interest they get back is to cultivate a large group of well-educated young men and women. They can be future leaders.合并为:…young men and women who are potential leaders.
temptation什么意思
评:原来的两个单句men and women和They属于同义关系,因此毫不犹豫用定语从句。
再以江苏高考真题作文范文为例:
翻译:如果我们过于依赖鼠标的点击,这就会使我们在身心上变得更懒和更没有创造力。
If we rely too much on mou clicking, it will make us lazier and less creative both mentally and physically.
比较真题原句:
Relying too much on mou clicking makes us lazier and less creative both mentally and physically.
我们看出来,从句合并为一个动名词短语了,更加简练。但是,这个句子还可以更好,请看:
Too much reliance on mou clicking makes us lazier and less creative both mentally and physically.
你可以看出来我把动名词短语转化为名词短语了,读起来似乎更地道。这就是下面我要讲到的。
读者可以从更多的例子中去领会,但是实际上我认为这是看语法的功底了。
1. As he didn’t wish to make her nervous, the doctor didn’t fully explain the riousness of her conditioa
=The doctor, not wishing to make her nervous, didn’t fully explain the riousness of her condition.(原因状语)
医生怕她紧张,没有完全给她讲明她的严重病情。
2. As he was absorbed in his work,Jim neglected food and sleep.
=Absorbed in his work,Jim neglected food and sleep.(原因状语)
因为吉米专心致志地工作以至于他废寝忘食。
3. It rained heavily so that it caud vere flooding in that area.
=It rained heavily,causing vere flooding in that area.(结果状语)
雨下得很大,导致这一地区洪灾。
4. When the meal was over, we began to work again.
=The meal being over,we began to work again.
就餐结束,我们又开始工作。
5. Becau her leg was riously injured, she had to lie in bed
=Her leg riously injured, she had to lie in bed
因为她的腿受了重伤,她只好卧床。
合句方法二:从用词的角度合句
蔡基刚教授说,抽象名词的运用是英语中的一大特色。就像我前面说的,英语思维很显著的特点是:逻辑关系缜密(各种从句就是表现);物称作主语(或称无灵主语);抽象名词。
为了更好说明这个概念,我们来翻译四个句子:
1.过多接触电视,会影响你的学习。
2.这让越来越多的人相信这种小塑料卡的好处.
迎接新生
3.五天工作制立即受到了人们的待遇欢迎和拥护。
对照答案:
1. Heavy exposure to TV will affect one’s studies.
旅游英语
2. It promoted a growing realization of the advantages of the small plastic cards.
3. A five-day week has found an immediate welcome and much popularity ever since.
实际上,在我们的写作中有太多的从句的运用,尤其是if和when。我们是否可以换个思维:难度这个if和when真的就必须运用吗?能否用一个名词短语?
vincy
答案是肯定的,但这取决于我们对单词的熟悉度,我们在单词学习上,要把握动词和名词的词性转换。这样的词在英语中实际上并不多,我给大家总结一下:
(譬如遇到reluctant,你就要想到能否用reluactance。这样的话,遇到He is reluctant to do…就可以用his reluctance来代替,一下子将一个复合句变为一个简单句,实现了简洁美。)