妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP)是妊娠妇女临床中较为常见的疾病,起发病率较高,且继发症及并发症较多,具
有较大危害的特发性疾病[1]
。HDCP 患者临床中主要表现为蛋白尿、高血压、浮肿,部分严重患者甚至可能出现
on the line
持续性抽搐[2]
。有研究学者指出,妊娠后子宫螺旋动脉重铸不良是诱发HDCP 的重要因素之一,患者子宫动脉阻力明显增高,减低子宫一胎盘血循环流量,增高中央
动脉阻力进而导致血压升高[3]
lected是什么意思。有效实现早起预防、预测HDCP 对降低患者不良事件发生风险和改善患者孕妇预后具有重要意义[4]。彩色多普勒超声检查是近年来广泛应用的可有效评估子宫动脉血流情况的重要影
适销对路Correlation between UtA-PI,UtA-RI and S/D values measured by ultrasound in different pregnancy periods and the prediction of the condition of pregnant women with hypertension in pregnancy and the maternal and infant outcome Screening Fetal Down's Syndrome
HUANG Zechang 1,LIN Yanchao 1,LI Huimin 1,HE Yuchun 1,LIN Pai 1,XING Kaihui 21
Department of Ultrasound,Sanya People's Hospital,Sanya 572000,China;2Department of Neonatology,Hainan Children's Hospital,Haikou 570206,China
摘要:目的分析不同孕期孕产妇患者超声测定的子宫动脉搏动指数(UtA-PI )、阻力指数(UtA-RI )和S/D 值与妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP )孕妇病情预测及母婴结局的相关性。方法选择我院2018年1月~2019年12月间收治的162例符合纳入标准的HDCP 患者作为观察组,正常妊娠孕妇100例作为对照组。妊娠早期(10~14周)、妊娠中期(20~23周)、妊娠晚期(30~31周)行超声检查并记录UtA-PI 、UtA-RI 和S/D ;用logistics 回归模型分析UtA-PI 、UtA-RI 和S/D 值与HDCP 孕妇母婴结局关系,绘制ROC 曲线分析UtA-PI 、UtA-RI 和S/D 值预测HDCP 的价值。结果妊娠中期和妊娠晚期,观察组UtA-PI 、UtA-RI 和S/D 值均高于对照组(P <0.05);妊娠中期和妊娠晚期,超声检查UtA-PI 、UtA-RI 和S/D 值鉴别诊断HDCP 的敏感度和特异度均高于85%,且AUC 均大于0.9;妊娠中期和妊娠按期妊娠异常组HDCP 孕妇UtA-PI 、UtA-RI 和S/D 值均高于正常妊娠组(P <0.05);妊娠中期和妊娠晚
期,HDCP 孕妇超声检查的UtA-PI 、UtA-RI 和S/D 值均是影响妊娠结局的独立性威胁因素(P <0.05)。结论超声测定孕妇UtA-PI 、UtA-RI 和S/D 值可有效预测HDCP ,且UtA-PI 、UtA-RI 和S/D 值是影响妊娠结局的独立性威胁因素。关键词:不同孕期;UtA-PI ;UtA-RI ;S/D 值;妊娠期高血压;母婴结局
Abstract:Objective To analyze the correlation between the UtA-PI,UtA-RI and S/D values measured by ultrasound in pregnant women of different pregnancy periods and the hypertensive disorder complicating pregnant (HDCP)women's dia prediction and maternal and infant outcomes.Methods A total of 162HDCP patients who reach the inclusion criteria from January 2018to December 2019in our hospital were lected as the obrvation group,and 100normal pregnant women were ud as the control group.Ultrasound examination was performed in the first trimester (10-14weeks),the cond trimester (20-23weeks),and the third trimester (30-31weeks)to record UtA-PI,UtA-RI and S/D.The relationship between UTA PI,UTA RI and S/D was analyzed by logistic regression model.The ROC curve was ud to analyze the value of UTA PI,UTA RI and S/D in predicting HDCP .Results The UtA-PI,UtA-RI and S/D values of the obrvation group during the cond and third trimester were significantly higher than tho of the control group,and the difference was significant (P <0.05).The nsitivity and specificity of UtA-RI and S/D values for differ
ential diagnosis of HDCP are higher than 85%,and the AUC was greater than 0.9.The values of UtA-PI,UtA-RI and S/D of HDCP pregnant women in the cond and third trimester pregnancy abnormal pregnancy groups were higher than tho of normal pregnancy group (P <0.05).UtA-PI,UtA-RI and S/D values of ultrasonography of HDCP pregnant women during the cond and third trimesters were independent of the outcome of pregnancy Threats (P <0.05).Conclusion The value of UTA-PI,UTA-RI and S/D measured by ultrasound can effectively predict HDCP .The value of UTA-PI,UTA-RI and S/D are independent threat factors affecting pregnancy outcome.
Keywords:different pregnancy periods;UtA-PI;UtA-RI;S/D value;hypertension during pregnancy;maternal and infant outcomes
收稿日期:2020-09-23
基金项目:海南省卫生计生行业科研项目(15A200096)作者简介:黄泽嫦,主治医师,E-mail: doi 10.12122/j.issn.1674-4500.2021.01.38分子影像学杂志,2021,44(1):184-188
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像学检查方法,可反映子宫-胎盘循环状况[5]。此外,采用超声检查还具有可靠、安全及无创等优点,操作方便且患者的检查依从性较好[6]。子宫动脉搏动指数(UtA-PI)和阻力指数(UtA-RI)是评估子宫动脉的常见指标,与此同时,脐动脉收缩压最大血流速度与舒张末期最大血流速度比值(S/D)是评估脐动脉状态的重要指标。虽然目前孕产妇超声检查UtA-PI、UtA-RI和S/D值与HDCP的关系存在相关报道,但不同孕期相关指标与HDCP的关系仍鲜有报道。本研究选择我院收治HDCP孕妇作为研究对象,分析不同孕期孕产妇患者超声测定的UtA-PI、UtA-RI和S/D值与HDCP孕妇病情预测及母婴结局的相关性。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
选择我院2018年1月~2019年12月间收治的162例符合入组标准的HDCP患者作为观察组研究对象。纳入标准:HDCP患者符合《妊娠期高血压疾病诊治指南(2015版)》[7]诊断标准;生命体征均平稳,无习惯性流产、心脏病史;产后12周后尿蛋白阴性、血压恢复正常;临床资料完整;患者对本研究知情并签署知情同意书。排除标准:合并其他妊娠并发症;胎盘前置、子宫畸形、脐带缠绕严重等情况;多胎妊娠;存慢性高血压、前置胎盘史孕妇;产程异常等其他可能导致不良妊娠结局;随访资料缺失或主动申请退出本研究。162例患者年龄22~38岁(27.39±2.38岁),停经时间30~33周(30.6
8±0.62周);经产妇63例,初产妇99例。同期选择正常妊娠孕妇100例作为对照组,年龄22~39岁(27.96±3.47岁),停经时间30~33周(30.91±0.76周);经产妇38例,初产妇62例。两组受试者一般资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究经我院伦理委员会审议并批准。
1.2方法
分别在妊娠早期(10~14周)、妊娠中期(20~23周)、妊娠晚期(30~31周)使用飞利浦IU-22彩色多普勒超声诊断仪对患者进行超声检查,使用频率为1~5MHz的腹部探头。受试者在检车保持仰卧位,维持平静呼吸,对胎儿各项生物学指标进行常规测量;后将超声探头向两侧上方倾斜至宫颈宫体交界,检测子宫动脉上升支血流;再获取稳定3个心动周期的子宫动脉典型血流波形,测量RI、PI及脐动脉收缩期/舒张末期最大血流速度比值(S/D)。测量时脉冲多普勒取样门宽度设置为2mm,后将所有数据均由3年以上工作经验者进行数据判读和分析,记录每位孕妇UtA-PI、UtA-RI和S/ D。对所有孕产妇进行长期随访,记录受试者妊娠结局,其中若新生儿出现窒息、早产或宫内窘迫等则判定为异常,若胎儿正常分娩且无其他异常则判定为正常。
1.3统计学分析
采用SPSS20.0对数据进行统计学分析,计数资料以率表示,符合正态分布的计量资料以均值±标准差表示,组间差异的比较行卡方检验和LSD-t检验;采用logistics回归模型分析UtA-PI、UtA-RI和S/D值
与HDCP孕妇母婴结局关系,绘制ROC曲线分析UtA-PI、UtA-RI和S/D值预测HDCP的价值。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1两组UtA-PI、UtA-RI和S/D值检测结果
两组患者妊娠早期UtA-PI、UtA-RI和S/D值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),妊娠中期和妊娠晚期观察组UtA-PI、UtA-RI和S/D值均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,表1)。妊娠晚期观察组典例(图1)。
2.2中期和晚期妊娠鉴别诊断HDCP孕妇结果
妊娠中期和妊娠晚期超声检查UtA-PI、UtA-RI和S/D值鉴别诊断HDCP的敏感度和特异度均高于85%,且AUC均大于0.9(表2、图2)。
2.3不同妊娠结局HDCP孕妇各指标检测结果
妊娠早期不同妊娠结局HDCP孕妇UtA-PI、UtA-RI和S/D值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),妊娠中期和妊娠按期妊娠异常组HDCP孕妇UtA-PI、UtA-RI和S/D值均高于正常妊娠组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,表3)。
2.4HDCP孕妇各指标与妊娠结局关系
妊娠中期和妊娠晚期HDCP孕妇超声检查的UtA-PI、UtA-RI和S/D值均是影响妊娠结局的独立性威胁因素(P<0.05,表4)。
3讨论
HDCP是临床中常见的妊娠20周后发生的以蛋白尿、高血压、水肿为临床特征的常见妊娠并发症[8-10]。有研究指出,HDCP的发生发展可表现为全身小动脉痉挛,对孕产期母婴结局造成严重威胁,并对孕妇靶器官造成继发性损害[11-12]。HDCP多在早期发病但无明显症状,直至发展至中晚期可能累及脑、心、肾等器官,对胎儿及孕妇造成严重威胁[13-14]。对HDCP患者子宫动脉血流动力指标进行全面评估可有效实现早期识别HDCP,对降低HDCP不良结局具有重大意义[15]。
已有研究指出,采用多普勒超声对孕产妇子宫动脉相关指标进行检查发现,随着妊娠孕期增加,孕妇子宫动脉的UtA-PI、UtA-RI和S/D值均降低[16-17]。本组研究显示,妊娠早期两组孕妇各指标差异无统计学意义,两组孕妇妊娠晚期UtA-PI、UtA-RI和S/D值均明显低于妊娠中期。有研究显示,妊娠高血压患者可通过检测胎
分子影像学杂志,2021,44(1):184-188·
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185
儿脐动脉血流动力学参数对患者病情进行分析,随着孕
周增加,在妊娠高血压和正常妊娠孕妇中胎儿脐动脉血流动力学参数均呈现明显的下降趋势,孕晚期和孕中期妊娠高血压孕妇胎儿脐动脉血流动力学参数显著升高,
胎儿脐动脉血流动力学参数可对妊娠高血压进行预测[18]。此外,本研究发现,相较于正常对照组,妊娠晚期
表1两组UtA-PI 、UtA-RI 和S/D 值检测结果辞职理由
Tab.1Detection results of two groups of UtA-PI,UtA-RI and S/D value (Mean ±SD )组别早期
观察组(n =162)对照组(n =100)t P 中期
观察组(n =162)对照组(n =100)t P 晚期
观察组(n =162)对照组(n =100)t P
UtA-PI
1.48±0.611.33±0.581.1820.238
1.49±0.351.15±0.248.550<0.001
1.21±0.190.95±0.131
2.049<0.001
UtA-RI
0.71±0.260.69±0.340.5370.592
0.78±0.210.55±0.198.296<0.001
0.59±0.150.42±0.168.687<0.001
S/D
3.33±0.313.21±0.290.5200.6043.59±0.282.56±0.2430.508<0.0013.15±0.212.12±0.134
4.091<0.001
UtA-PI:子宫动脉搏动指数;UtA-RI:子宫动脉阻力指数
.
图1子宫动脉血流、脐动脉血流、胎儿大脑中动脉血流频谱病理图片
Fig.1Pathological pictures of uterine artery blood flow,umbilical artery blood flow,and fetal middle cerebral artery blood flow spectrum.
表2中期和晚期妊娠鉴别诊断HDCP 孕妇结果
Tab.2Results of the differential diagnosis of HDCP pregnant women in the cond and third trimester (%)指标中期UtA-PI UtA-RI S/D 晚期UtA-PI UtA-RI S/D
敏感度
92.59(150/162)89.51(145/162)88.27(143/162)
90.74(147/162)89.51(145/162)87.65(142/162)
特异性
88.00(88/100)87.00(87/100)89.00(89/100)
90.00(90/100)88.00(88/100)89.00(89/100)
AUC
0.9570.9220.946
0.9550.9410.946
HDCP:妊娠期高血压疾病.
分子影像学杂志,2021,44(1):184-188
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观察组UtA-PI 、UtA-RI 和S/D 值均明显升高。结果表明,HDCP 患者采用超声检查可有效监测受试者血流动力学参数,且绘制ROC 曲线分析诊断价值结果显示,妊娠中期和妊娠晚期超声检查UtA-PI 、UtA-RI 和S/D 值鉴别诊断HDCP 的敏感度和特异度均高于85%,且AUC 均大于0.8。分析认为,随着
孕周增加,孕妇子宫动脉生理反应性血流增加、血容量增加,子宫动脉血流呈低阻高速型,若出现HDCP 则可能导致子宫动脉血流出现高阻高速型,导致UtA-PI 、UtA-RI 和S/D 值高于正常妊娠者,因而可通过检测孕产妇UtA-PI 、UtA-RI 和S/D 值对HDCP 进行鉴别诊断。
有学者指出,HDCP 的发生和发展可能影响孕产妇
的母婴结局,对母婴安全造成严重威胁[19-20]
。本研究对不同妊娠结局的孕产妇UtA-PI 、UtA-RI 和S/D 值进行分析显示,妊娠中期和妊娠按期妊娠异常组HDCP 孕妇
图2ROC 曲线图
Fig.2ROC curve.
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
S e n s i t i v i t y
0.00.2
足球老爹
0.40.60.8 1.0
1-Specificity
表3不同妊娠结局HDCP 孕妇各指标检测结果
Tab.3Test results of various indicators of HDCP pregnant women with different pregnancy outcomes (Mean ±SD )组别早期
正常(n =103)异常(n =59)t P 中期
正常(n =103)异常(n =59)t P 晚期
正常(n =103)异常(n =59)t P
UtA-PI
1.47±0.591.50±0.620.3060.760
1.39±0.371.66±0.294.819<0.001
1.12±0.261.37±0.315.485<0.001
UtA-RI
0.70±0.510.73±0.450.3760.708
0.71±0.130.90±0.119.451<0.001
0.54±0.160.68±0.125.842<0.001
S/D
3.31±0.283.36±0.311.0520.295
3.11±0.21
party girl
4.43±0.1939.830<0.001
2.96±0.15
3.48±0.1322.260<0.001
表4HDCP 孕妇各指标与妊娠结局关系
baht
Tab.4The relationship between the indicators of HDCP pregnant women and pregnancy
outcome 指标b
SE
hs是什么意思
χ2
P OR
95%CI 上限
下限
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UtA-PI 、UtA-RI 和S/D 值均高于正常妊娠组。采用logistics 多元回归模型分析结果显示,妊娠中期和妊娠晚期HDCP 孕妇超声检查的UtA-PI 、UtA-RI 和S/D 值均是影响妊娠结局的独立性威胁因素。结果表明,HDCP 孕妇血中UtA-PI 、UtA-RI 和S/D 值升高将导致患者出现不良妊娠结局。因此可利用彩色多普勒超声对孕产妇进行检查可有效对子宫动脉血流动力学各参
数变化情况进行分析[21]
,可有效预测HDCP 并及时采取合理恰当治疗方案进行干预,有助于避免患者病情进一步恶化。有研究指出,妊娠高血压孕妇早产率、产后出血量、新生儿窒息发生率均高于正常妊娠者,新生儿体质量低于正常妊娠孕妇,其结果也表明妊娠高血压会对
母婴结局造成严重影响[22]
,且上述指标均可作为预测妊娠高血压的指标,与本研究结果相似。分析认为,随着UtA-PI 、UtA-RI 和S/D 值升高孕产妇中央动脉压力增高而进一步导致动脉出现压力血管反应性痉挛,并可能引起恶性循环引起血压升高和子宫动脉血流改变,导致所需营养无法及时运达,导致出现不良妊娠结局。
综上所述,超声测定孕妇UtA-PI 、UtA-RI 和S/D 值可有效预测HDCP ,且UtA-PI 、UtA-RI 和S/D 值是影响妊娠结局的独立性威胁因素。但本研究并未对孕产妇进行长期追踪研究,有待后续深入研究分析。参考文献:
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