make it right跨文化交际
Unit1:
Economic globalization: the integration of national economic into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology.
Barter system:distributionfarming communities traded their surplus produce in exchange for products and rvices without the medium of money.
Global village: all the different parts of the world form one community linked together by electronic communications, especially the internet.
Melting pot: a socio-cultural assimilation of people of different backgrounds and nationalities.
Culture:a learned t of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.
Cultural diversity: the mix of people from various backgrounds in the labor force with a full mix of cultures and sub-cultures to which members belong.
Communication:meaning to share with or to make common, as in giving to another a part to share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge.
Intercultural communication: communication between people who cultural perception and symbol systems are distinct enough alter the communication event (p.9-10).
Components of Communication
Source: The source is the person with an idea he or she desires to communicate.
Encoding: Encoding is the process of putting an idea into a symbol.
Message: The term message identifies the encoded thought. Encoding is the process ,the verb; the message is the resulting object.
Channel: The term channel is ud technical to refer to the means lady firstby which the encoded message is transmitted. The channel or medium, then, may be print, electronic, or the light and sound waves of the face-to-face communication.
wth
Noi小学生上网的坏处: The term noi technically refers to anything that the message the source encodes.
Receiver: The receiver is the person who attends to the message.
Decodingapply什么意思: The receiver is actively involved in the communication process by assigning meaning to the symbols received.
Receiver responglivec: It refers to anything the receiver does after having attended to and decoded the message.
Feedback: Feedback refers to that portion of the receiver respon of which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.
Context: The final component of communication is context. Generally, context can be defined as the environment in which the communication takes places and which helps define the communication.
思考题
What are the four trends that make our world more interdependent? (p13)
What are the three ingredients of culture?
1. Artifacts (the material and spiritual products people produce)
2. Behavior (what they do)
3. Concepts(beliefs, values, world, views…)(what they think)
注：文学、手势…：The aspects of culture that are explicit, visible, taught.
看法、友谊…：The aspects of culture that areintangible and not taught directly.
How to understand cultural iceberg?
1. Just as an iceberg which has a visible ction above the waterline and a large invisible ction below the waterline, culture has some aspects that areobrvable and others that can only be suspected and imaged.
2. Also like an iceberg, the part of culture that is visible is only a small part of a much bigger whole. It is said nine-tenth of culture is below the surface.(p7)
What are the characteristic of culture?
1. Culture is shared. All communications take place by means of symbols.
2. Culture is learned. Culture is learned, not inherited. It derives from one’s social environment, not from one’s genes.
Enculturation (文化习得): all the activities of learning one’s culture are called enculturation.
扑灭英文
3. Culture is dynamic.(p6) culture is subject to change.It’s dynamic rather than static, constantly changing and evolving under the impact of events and through contact with other cultures.
Acculturation (文化适应): the process which adopts the changes brought about by another culture and develops an incread similarity between the two cultures.
4. Culture is ethnocentric (=ethnocentrism 文化中心主义).Ethnocentrism is the belief that your own cultural background is superior.
What are the characteristic of communication?
1. Communication is dynamic.
2. Communication is irreversible.
3. Communication is symbolic.
4. Communication is systematic.古鸽
5. Communication is transactional.(p8)
6. Communication is contextual.(p8)
Unit 2-4:
Pragmatics: the study of effect that language has on human perceptions and behavior.
