郑和下西洋与西方新航路开辟的比较
明代航海家郑和出使“西洋”,前后七次，访问了三十几个国家和地区，为中外经济文化交流、中国与亚非人民的友好关系史，揭开了新的一页。郑和率领的庞大船队，就其活动的性质看，既不是一般的商船队，也不是一般的外交使团，而是封建统治者组织的具有朝廷贸易商队和外交使团双重性质的船队。郑和船队每到一处，都了解各国的物产，并且有目的地用以物易物的方式同这些国家进行和平贸易。船队所买的东西，除了一些药材外，多是奢侈品和观赏物。这反映了郑和船队所进行的贸易，主要是为封建帝王和官僚贵族服务的。当时，中国以先进的手工业品换取各国的土特产品，是平等自愿的交易；这同后来到东方的西方殖民者的名为交易，实为拐骗、欺诈、劫掠、烧杀的海盗行为，是完全不同的。 郑和船队七次出使，每到一处，都宣读明朝皇帝的书信诏谕，赠送礼物，表示愿意建立友好关系。它的主观目的，虽是宣扬大明帝国的国威，招徕各国使臣朝贡，扩大海外贸易，增加朝廷在对外贸易上的收入，并换取封建统治者所需要的各种奢侈品，但客观上加强了中国与亚非各国人民的经济文化交流和友好往来，使中国的先进文化更多地传播到亚非各地，也使亚非各地的土特产品，特别是药材等传到了中国。这对各国人民，显然都是有益的。因此，郑和船队的出使，为中国与南海和印度洋地区的经济文化交流和各国人民的友谊作出了贡献。
然而，我们应当看到，郑和远航与西方人开辟新航路的结局，却有着截然不同的后果。郑和下西洋的航海活动虽然声势浩大，但明成祖和郑和死后不久，中国船队便绝迹于印度洋和阿拉伯海，中国的航海事业突然中断了，这使得中国与西洋各国业已建立起来的联系戛然而止。从此，中国人传统的海外贸易市场逐渐被欧洲人所占据，并最终退出了正在酝酿形成中的世界性市场。令牌环
相反，哥伦布和达·伽马开辟新航路后，在西欧激起了远洋航海的热潮。在中国，作为国家的政治任务，郑和下西洋对于中国的经济的刺激作用微乎其微。而在西方，东方的商品和航海贸易的利润直接加速了资本主义的原始积累。欧洲人对美洲的新开发，绕过非洲的航行，给新兴的资产阶级开辟了新的活动场所，从而揭开了资本原始积累的序幕。从这一点来看，哥伦布等人的航海活动，对于西欧乃在世界历史的发展，产生了深远的影响，这是先前的郑和下西洋所无法比拟的。在郑和下西洋之前，中国经济特别是东部沿海地区经济结构的转型，已出现了符合世界历史潮流的新趋向。然而，随着郑和下西洋活动的终止，中国政府将自己与当时正在形成的世界市场隔绝开来。而新航路的开辟，为西欧新兴的资产阶级开辟了新的活动场所，使欧洲商路和贸易中心从地中海区域转移到大西洋沿岸，欧洲人在海外广阔的领域里建立了众多的殖民地，从而为西欧资本主义的原始积累创
造了条件。大量的黄金，白银流入欧洲，引起“价格革命”——金银贬价，使得物价上涨，而“价格革命”则是资本原始积累的重要因素之一，它加速了西欧封建制度的解体和资本主义关系的发展。
学海知心小站
在我看来，郑和下西洋是中国统治者宣扬国威的一种活动，而西方殖民者却是掠夺财富的目的。两者出发点不同，结果不同。郑和下西洋对世界的影响较小。
playbadmintonZheng He Atlantic and western new route opens comparison人情冷暖世态炎凉
惊天魔盗团影评Ming Dynasty navigator Zheng He is on a mission to" western", around ven times, visited thirty countries and regions, for Chine and foreign economic and cultural exchanges between China and Africa, the friendly relation between the people of history, has opened a new page. Zheng He led a large fleet, on its activities to the nature, is neither a general merchant fleet, nor the general diplomatic corps, but the feudal rulers tissue with the trade caravans and diplomatic missions to the dual nature of the fleet. Zhe
bcrng He fleet at each, are aware of all products, and purpofully by means of barter trade with the countries for peace. Fleet purchas, apart from some medicinal herbs, is a luxury and ornamental material. This reflects the Zheng He fleet of trade, mainly for the feudal emperors and lords rvice. At that time, China advanced handicraft industry goods for the native products, is the equal voluntary transactions; it later to the east of the western colonists named transactions, is kidnapped, fraud, looting, burning and killing of piracy, is completely different. Zheng He fleet ven mission, everywhere, all read the emperor of the Ming Dynasty Zhaoyu letters, gifts, indicated is willing to establish friendly relations. It 's subjective purpo, although it is about the power of the Ming Empire, attract countries envoys tributary, expand foreign trade, increa the income in foreign trade, and exchange for the feudal rulers need all kinds of luxury, but objectively strengthened the Chine and African peoples economic and cultural exchanges and friendly contacts, so that the advanced Chine culture more spread to the African country, also make the development around the native products, especially herbs to china. The people of all countries, is clearly beneficial for both. Therefore, Zheng He fleet
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to, as China and the South China Sea and India Ocean region economic and cultural exchanges and the friendship among people contributed.
However, we should e the voyage, Zheng He and the west opening up new routes ending, have very different conquences. Zheng He Western nautical activity although great in strength and impetus, but emperor and shortly after the death of Zheng He, China fleet would extinct in India ocean and the Arabia a, China 's naval career was suddenly broken, which makes the Chine and the western countries have established links cea abruptly. Since then, Chine traditional overas trade market has gradually occupied by Europeans, and finally exit the brewing in the formation of world market.
雅思口语网上一对一
In contrast, Kolumb and da Gama opening up new routes, in Western Europe provoked the upsurge of ocean navigation. In China, as the country's political task, Zheng He West to China's economic stimulus action very little. While in the west, the east of goods and maritime trade profit directly accelerated the capitalist primitive accumulation. The Europeans to America's new development, the rounding of the Cape, to the emerging bo
urgeoisie opens new venues, which opened a prelude to the primitive accumulation of capital. From this point of view, Kolumb et al maritime activities in Western Europe, but in the development of world history, produced far-reaching effect, which was previously the Zheng He West incomparable. Zheng He in the west, Chine economy especially in the eastern coastal areas of economic structure transformation, has appeared with the new trend of the world history. However, along with the Zheng He West activity termination, the Chine government will own and then being formed from world market. And the opening of the new a route, for Western Europe bourgeois opens new venuesv land, the European trade routes and trading center from the Mediterranean region to transfer to the Atlantic coast, Europeans in the vast overas field established numerous colonies, thereby for Western European capitalist primitive accumulation to create the conditions. Large quantities of gold, silver from Europe, cau" price revolution" -- gold and silver prices, the price ris, and the" price revolution" is the primitive accumulation of capital is one of the important factors in Western Europe, it accelerated the disintegration of the feudal system and the capitalist relations development.
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