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英文原文
中文对照
The Nature and Aims of Archaeology
考古学的目的和本质
zeroArchaeology is partly the discovery of the treasures of
the past, partly the careful work of the scientific
analyst, partly the exerci of the creative imagination.
考古学包括寻找过去的财富、细致的科学分析以及大胆的想象。
It is toiling in the sun on an excavation in the
Middle-East,
考古要在中东的烈日下进行辛苦的挖掘，holocene
it is working with living Inuit in the snows of Alaska,
也要在阿拉斯加的雪域中与因纽特人共同生活，
and it is investigating the wers of Roman Britain.
甚至要在罗马大不列颠的下水道里进行研究。乌鲁木齐教育
But it is also the painstaking task of interpretation, so
that we come to understand what the things mean
for the human story.
它又是一项艰难的解释工作，这样我们才能够理解上面提到的这些东西对于人类的历史意味着什么。
And it is the conrvation of the world's cultural
heritage against looting and careless harm.
同时，考古也保护着世界的文化遗产不受掠夺和破坏。
flash 培训
Archaeology, then, is both a physical activity out in the field, and an intellectual pursuit in the study or laboratory.
英语qq网名
因此，考古学即包括在野外进行的体力劳动，也包括在研究
remotecontrol中或者实验室里的脑力劳动。
That is part of its great attraction.
这也是它吸引人的原因之一。
The rich mixture of danger and detective work has also
made it the perfect vehicle for fiction writers andhobbies
film-makers, from Agatha Christie with Murder in Mesopotamia to Stephen Spielberg with Indiana Jones.
危险与侦探般的工作方式参杂在一起，使得考古成了小说作for all time
家和电影人的完美题材。 A.C.拍过MIM，S.S.拍过IJ，都是此类题材。
However far from reality such portrayals are, they capture
the esntial truth that archaeology is an exciting quest —the quest for knowledge about ourlves and our past.
不论这些电影中的描述与现实相差多远，它们都确实抓住了
一个本质，就是考古学是一项关于我们自身和我们的历史的
刺激的探索。
But how does archaeology relate to disciplines such as anthropology and history, that are also concerned with the human story?
但是考古学是如何与人类学和历史学之类的学科发生关联
的呢？这些学科同时又与人类历史相关。
Is archaeology itlf a science?
考古学本身是一门科学吗？
And what are the responsibilities of the archaeologist in
today's world?
当今考古学家的使命又是什么？
Anthropology, at its broadest, is the study of humanity —our physical characteristic as animals and our unique
non-biological characteristics that we call culture.
考古学，从广义上讲，属于人文学—人类的身体特征是动物性的，而人类独特的非生物学特征则被我们成为文化。
Culture in this n includes what the anthropologist, Edward Tylor, summarized in 1871 as ,knowledge, belief, art, morals, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society?.
这个意义上的文化包括“知识、信仰、艺术、道德、风俗和其
他的能力及习惯，这些都是人作为社会的一员所获得的”，人类学家 E.T.在1871年做了以上的总结。
ledenAnthropologists also u the term ,culture? in a more
restricted n when they refer to the ,culture? of a
particular society, meaning the nonbiological
characteristics unique to that society, which distinguish it
from other societies.
人类学家也会通过一种狭义的方式来使用“文化”这个概念，以此来特指某种社会的“文化”。此时谈论的便是该社会独有，而其他社会不具有的非生物学特征。
Anthropology is thus a broad discipline — so broad that it
英语转换器
is generally broken down into three smaller disciplines:
physical anthropology, cultural anthropology and archaeology.
因此，人类学是一个非常庞大的学科，以至于人们通常要把
人类学分为以下三个更小的分支学科：自然人类学、文化人
类学和考古学。
