数据库性能测试：sysbench⽤法详解
1.简介和安装
sysbench是⼀个很不错的数据库性能测试⼯具。
如果是编译安装，需要先安装好mysql的开发包(尽管编译错误时提⽰的是缺少Mysql库⽂件)。
yum -y install mysql-community-devel
tar xf 1.0.
cd sysbench-1.0.15
./autogen.sh
./configure
make -j
make install
安装后，只有⼀个⼆进制⽂件sysbench，还提供了很多个lua脚本。
[root@s1 ~]# rpm -ql sysbench | grep 'bin\|lua'
/usr/bin/sysbench
/usr/share/sysbench/bulk_inrt.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_common.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_delete.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_inrt.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_point_lect.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_read_only.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_read_write.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_update_index.lua
/
usr/share/sysbench/oltp_update_non_index.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_write_only.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/lect_random_points.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/lect_random_ranges.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/tests/include/inspect.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/bulk_inrt.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/common.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/delete.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/inrt.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/oltp.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/oltp_simple.lua
/
usr/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/parallel_prepare.lua英语寓言故事
/usr/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/lect.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/lect_random_points.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/lect_random_ranges.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/update_index.lua
/usr/share/sysbench/tests/include/oltp_legacy/update_non_index.lua
本⽂介绍的是新版本sysbench oltp lua脚本的⽤法(/usr/share/sysbench/*.lua)，所以不涉及传统的lua(tests/include/oltp_legacy/*.lua)，如果想要了解这些传统Lua脚本的⽤法，⽹上随便找。
2.sysbench使⽤⽅法
宝贝蛋
以下列出了sysbench对测试mysql时常⽤的选项。
[root@xuexi ~]# sysbench --help
Usage:
sysbench [options]... [test_lua] [lua_options] [command]
Commands implemented by most tests: prepare run cleanup help
通⽤选项：以下中括号中的值表⽰默认值
--threads=N 指定线程数[1]
--events=N 限制最⼤请求数，0表⽰不限制[0]
--time=N 限制最长执⾏时间，0表⽰不限制[10]内双怎么画大眼妆
--events和--time⼆者选⼀即可
--forced-shutdown=STRING 达到最长执⾏时间后还需等待多久关闭sysbench
off表⽰禁⽤该功能[off]
--thread-stack-size=SIZE 每个线程使⽤的栈空间⼤⼩[64K]
--rate=N 平均事务处理速率，0表⽰不限制[0]
-
-report-interval=N 每隔⼏秒报告⼀次结果，0表⽰禁⽤间隔报告[0]
--config-file=FILENAME 从⽂件中读取命令⾏选项
--tx-rate=N 已废弃，是--rate的别名[0]
--max-requests=N 已废弃，是--events的别名[0]
--max-time=N 已废弃，是--time的别名[0]
--num-threads=N 已废弃，是--threads的别名[1]
--db-ps-mode=STRING 是否使⽤prepare模式的语句 {auto, disable} [auto]
mysql相关选项：
--mysql-host=[LIST,...] MySQL rver host [localhost]
--mysql-port=[LIST,...] MySQL rver port [3306]
--mysql-socket=[LIST,...] MySQL socket
-
-mysql-ur=STRING MySQL ur [sbtest]
--mysql-password=STRING MySQL password []
--mysql-db=STRING MySQL databa name [sbtest]
--mysql-ignore-errors=[LIST,...] 要忽略的错误代码，值可为"all" [1213,1020,1205]
Compiled-in tests:
fileio - File I/O test
cpu - CPU performance test
memory - Memory functions speed test
threads - Threads subsystem performance test
mutex - Mutex performance test
其中，command部分有4类：prepare run cleanup和help：
prepare：准备数据的命令。例如，在sysbench压⼒测试之前，需要先准备好测试库、测试表以及测试表中的数据。具体⽤法见后⽂。
run：表⽰进⾏压⼒测试。
cleanup：清除测试时产⽣的数据。
help：输出给定lua脚本的帮助信息。cry on my shoulder铃声
test_lua是想要使⽤的lua脚本，如果是rpm包安装的sysbench，则这些脚本都是/usr/share/sysbench⽬录下。对于⼀般的数据库测试，只需使⽤和oltp有关的lua脚本就⾜够。
options和lua_options是不同的，options是sysbench的选项，lua_options是lua脚本的选项，lua_options应该要放在test_lua的后⾯(⾮必需，但建议)。
例如，要查看oltp_common.lua的⽤法，可以：
sysbench /usr/share/sysbench/oltp_common.lua help
3.准备测试数据
⾸先创建sysbench所需数据库sbtest(这是sysbench默认使⽤的库名，必须创建测试库)。
mysqladmin -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -pP@ssword1! -P3306 create sbtest;
然后，准备测试所⽤的表，这些测试表放在测试库sbtest中。这⾥使⽤的lua脚本为/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_common.lua。
sysbench --mysql-host=127.0.0.1 \
--mysql-port=3306 \
--mysql-ur=root \
--mysql-password=P@ssword1! \
/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_common.lua \
--tables=10 \
sportsmeeting--table_size=100000 \
prepare
其中--tables=10表⽰创建10个测试表，--table_size=100000表⽰每个表中插⼊10W⾏数据，prepare表⽰这是准备数的过程。
mysql> show tables from sbtest;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_sbtest |
+------------------+
detention| sbtest1 |
| sbtest10 |
| sbtest2 |
| sbtest3 |
| sbtest4 |
| sbtest5 |
| sbtest6 |
| sbtest7 |
| sbtest8 |
| sbtest9 |
+------------------+
mysql> lect count(*) from sbtest.sbtest1;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 100000 |
+----------+
如果想要清除这10个表，可使⽤cleanup命令。
sysbench --mysql-host=127.0.0.1 \
--mysql-port=3306 \
--mysql-ur=root \
--mysql-password=P@ssword1! \
/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_common.lua \
--tables=10 \
cleanup
4.数据库测试和结果分析
稍微修改下之前准备数据的语句，就可以拿来测试了。
需要注意的是，之前使⽤的lua脚本为oltp_common.lua，它是⼀个通⽤脚本，是被其它lua脚本调⽤的，它不能直接拿来测试。
所以，我这⾥⽤oltp_read_write.lua脚本来做读、写测试。还有很多其它类型的测试，⽐如只读测试、只写测试、删除测试、⼤批量插⼊测试等等。可找到对应的lua脚本进⾏调⽤即可。
sysbench --threads=4 \
--time=20 \
--report-interval=5 \
--mysql-host=127.0.0.1 \
--mysql-port=3306 \
--mysql-ur=root \
--mysql-password=P@ssword1! \
/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_read_write.lua \
--tables=10 \
--table_size=100000 \
run
以下是测试返回的结果：
Initializing
Threads started!够了英文
####以下是每5秒返回⼀次的结果，统计的指标包括：
#### 线程数、tps(每秒事务数)、qps(每秒查询数)、
#### 每秒的读/写/其它次数、延迟、每秒错误数、每秒重连次数
[ 5s ] thds: 4 tps: 130.16 qps: 2606.30 (r/w/o: 1824.51/520.66/261.13) lat (ms,95%): 104.84 err/s: 0.00 reconn/s: 0.00 [ 10s ] thds: 4 tps: 126.74 qps: 2539.17 (r/w/o: 1778.17/507.52/253.47) lat (ms,95%): 108.68 err/s: 0.00 reconn/s: 0.00 [ 15s ] thds: 4 tps: 136.54 qps: 2736.34 (r/w/o: 1915.25/548.01/273.07) lat (ms,95%): 102.97 err/s: 0.00 reconn/s: 0.00 [ 20s ] thds: 4 tps: 107.44 qps: 2148.65 (r/w/o: 1505.60/428.17/214.89) lat (ms,95%): 132.49 err/s: 0.00 reconn/s: 0.00 SQL statistics:
韩国语能力等级考试
queries performed:
read: 35098 # 执⾏的读操作数量
write: 10028 # 执⾏的写操作数量
other: 5014 # 执⾏的其它操作数量
total: 50140
transactions: 2507 (124.29 per c.) # 执⾏事务的平均速率
queries: 50140 (2485.82 per c.) # 平均每秒能执⾏多少次查询
ignored errors: 0 (0.00 per c.)
reconnects: 0 (0.00 per c.)
General statistics:
total time: 20.1694s # 总消耗时间
total number of events: 2507 # 总请求数量(读、写、其它)
Latency (ms):
min: 2.32
avg: 32.13
max: 575.78
95th percentile: 118.92 # 采样计算的平均延迟
sum: 80554.96
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 626.7500/2.49
execution time (avg/stddev): 20.1387/0.04
5.cpu/io/内存等测试
sysbench内置了⼏个测试指标。
Compiled-in tests:
fileio - File I/O test
cpu - CPU performance test
memory - Memory functions speed test
threads - Threads subsystem performance test
mutex - Mutex performance test
可直接help输出测试⽅法。例如，fileio测试。
[root@xuexi ~]# sysbench fileio help
sysbench 1.0.15 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)
fileio options:
-
-file-num=N number of files to create [128]
--file-block-size=N block size to u in all IO operations [16384]
--file-total-size=SIZE total size of files to create [2G]
--file-test-mode=STRING test mode {qwr, qrewr, qrd, rndrd, rndwr, rndrw}
--file-io-mode=STRING file operations mode {sync,async,mmap} [sync]
--file-async-backlog=N number of asynchronous operatons to queue per thread [128]
--file-extra-flags=[LIST,...] list of additional flags to u to open files {sync,dsync,direct} []
--file-fsync-freq=N do fsync() after this number of requests (0 - don't u fsync()) [100]
--file-fsync-all[=on|off] do fsync() after each write operation [off]
--file-fsync-end[=on|off] do fsync() at the end of test [on]
--file-fsync-mode=STRING which method to u for synchronization {fsync, fdatasync} [fsync]
-
-file-merged-requests=N merge at most this number of IO requests if possible (0 - don't merge) [0]
--file-rw-ratio=N reads/writes ratio for combined test [1.5]
例如，创建5个⽂件，总共1G，每个⽂件⼤概200M。
sysbench fileio --file-num=5 --file-total-size=1G prepare
[root@xuexi ~]# ls -lh test*
-rw------- 1 root root 205M Jul 8 12:15 test_file.0
-rw------- 1 root root 205M Jul 8 12:15 test_file.1
-rw------- 1 root root 205M Jul 8 12:15 test_file.2exceptional
-rw------- 1 root root 205M Jul 8 12:15 test_file.3病人的英文
-rw------- 1 root root 205M Jul 8 12:15 test_file.4
然后，运⾏测试。
sysbench --events=5000 \
--threads=16 \
fileio \
--file-num=5 \
--file-total-size=1G \
--file-test-mode=rndrw \
--file-fsync-freq=0 \
--file-block-size=16384 \
run
结果：
File operations:
reads/s: 98.67
writes/s: 66.85
fsyncs/s: 6.26
Throughput: # 吞吐量
read, MiB/s: 1.54 # 表⽰读的带宽
written, MiB/s: 1.04 # 表⽰读的带宽
General statistics:
total time: 12.7426s
total number of events: 2117
Latency (ms):
min: 0.00
avg: 86.66
max: 2919.41
95th percentile: 646.19
sum: 183460.80
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 132.3125/24.19
execution time (avg/stddev): 11.4663/1.09
再⽐例cpu性能测试：
[root@xuexi ~]# sysbench cpu --threads=40 --events=10000 --cpu-max-prime=20000 run sysbench 1.0.15 (using bundled LuaJIT 2.1.0-beta2)
Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 40
Initializing random number generator from current time
Prime numbers limit: 20000
Initializing
Threads started!
CPU speed:
events per cond: 2127.81
General statistics:
total time: 4.6986s
total number of events: 10000
Latency (ms):
min: 1.72
avg: 18.16
max: 302.17
95th percentile: 110.66
sum: 181628.49
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 250.0000/30.81
execution time (avg/stddev): 4.5407/0.10
