The Trial That Rocked the World
John Scopes
brokenarrow A buzz ran through the crowd as I took my place in the packed court on that sweltering July day in 1925. The counl for my defence was the famous criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow. Leading counl for the procution was William Jennings Bryan, the silver-tongued orator , three times Democratic nominee for President of the United States, and leader of the fundamentalist movement that had brought about my trial.pugna
A few weeks before I had been an unknown school-teacher in Dayton, a little town in the mountains of Tenne. Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over. Seated in court, ready to testify on my behalf, were a dozen distinguished professors and scientists, led by Professor Kirtley Mather of Harvard University. More than 100 reporters were on hand, and even radio announcer s, who for the first time in history were to broadcast a jury trial. "Don't worry, son, we'll show them a few tricks," Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open.
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The ca had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at the condary school. For a number of years a clash had been building up between the fundamentalists and the modernists. The fundamentalists adhered to a literal interpretation of the Old Testament. The modernists, on the other hand, accepted the theory advanced by Charles Darwin -- that all animal life, including monkeys and men, had evolved from a common ancestor.
Fundamentalism was strong in Tenne, and the state legislature had recently pasd a law prohibiting the teaching of "any theory that denies the story of creation as taught in the Bible." The new law was aimed squarely at Darwin's theory of evolution. An engineer, George Rappelyea, ud to argue with the local people against the law. During one such argument, Rappelyea said that nobody could teach biology without teaching evolution. Since I had been teaching biology, I was nt for.
"Rappelyea is right," I told them.
"Then you have been violating the law," one of them Said.
rebirth "So has every other teacher," I replied. "Evolution is explained in Hunter's Civic Biology, and that's our textbook." Rappelyea then made a suggestion. "Let's take this thing to court," he said, "and test the legalityof it."recall
When I was indicted on May 7, no one, least of all I, anticipated that my ca would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U. S. history. The American Civil Liberties Union announced that it would take my ca to the U. S Supreme Court if necessary to establish that a teacher may tell the truth without being nt to jail." Then Bryan volunteered to assist the state in procuting me. Immediately the renownedlawyer Clarence Darrow offered his rvices to defend me. Ironically, I had not known Darrow before my trial but I had met Bryan when he had given a talk at my university. I admired him, although I did not agree with his views.
By the time the trial began on July 10, our town of 1,500 people had taken on a circusatmosphere. The buildings along the main street were festoonedwith banners. The streets around the three-storey red brick law court sproutedwith rickety stands lling hot
dogs, religious books and watermelons. Evangelists t up tents to exhortthe pasrsby. People from the surrounding hills, mostly fundamentalists, arrived to cheer Bryan against the " infidel outsiders" Among them was John Butler, who had drawn up the anti-evolution law. Butler was a 49-year-old farmer who before his election had never been out of his native county.
The presiding judge was John Raulston, a florid-faced man who announced: "I'm just a reg'lar mountaineer jedge." Bryan, ageing and paunchy , was assisted in his procution by his son, also a lawyer, and Tenne's brilliant young attorney-general, Tom Stewart. Besides the shrewd 68-year-old Darrow, my counl included the handsome and magnetic Dudley Field Malone, 43, and Arthur Garfield Hays, quiet, scholarly and steeped in the law. In a trial in which religion played a key role, Darrow was an agnostic, Malone a Catholic and Hays a Jew. My father had come from Kentucky to be with me for the trial.frightened
whale怎么读 The judge called for a local minister to open the ssion with prayer, and the trial got un
der way. Of the 12 jurors, three had never read any book except the Bible. One couldn't read. As my father growled, "That's one hell of a jury!"
男性生殖器英语 After the preliminary sparring over legalities, Darrow got up to make his opening statement. "My friend the attorney-general says that John Scopes knows what he is here for," Darrow drawled. "I know what he is here for, too. He is here becau ignorance and bigotryare , and it is a mighty strong combination."
Darrow walked slowly round the baking court. "Today it is the teachers, "he continued, "and tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers. After a while, it is the tting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted faggots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and Culture to the human mind. "
