Wiley Real-Time Systems Design and
1、REAL-TIMESYSTEMSDESIGNANDANALYSISTHIRDEDITIONPhillipA.Lapla nteAJOHNWILEYasmblers,whichtranslatetheasmblylanguagein toaspecialbinaryformatcalledobjectormachinecode;andlinkers, whichpreparetheobjectcodeforexe-cution.Anoperatingsystemisa specializedcollectionofsystemprogramsthatmanaget
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2、hephysicalresourcesofthecomputer.Assuch,areal-timeoperating systemisasystemsprogram.Applicationprogramsareprogramswritt entosolvespecificproblems,suchaspayrollpreparation,inventor y,andnavigation.Certaindesignconsiderationsplayaroleinthede signofcertainsystemsprogramsandapplicationsoftwa
3、reintendedtoruninreal-timeenvironments.Thenotionofa“system ”iscentraltosoftwareengineering,andindeedtoallengineering, andwarrantsformalization.Definition:Asystemisamappingofat ofinputsintoatofoutputs.Whentheinternaldetailsofthesystem arenotofinterest,themappingfunctioncanbeconsidered
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4、asablackboxwithoneormoreinputnteringandoneormoreoutputx itingthesystem(eFigure1.1).Everyreal-worldentity,whetherskela
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yntheticoroccurringnaturally,canbemod-eledasasystem.Incompu tingsystems,theinputsreprentdigitaldatafromI1I2InO1O2OmCo mputerSystemFigure1.1Asystemwithninputsandmoutpu证件翻译
5、ts.1.1TERMINOLOGY3hardwaredevicesandothersoftwaresystems.Th einputsareoftenassociatedwithnsors,cameras,andotherdevice sthatprovideanaloginputs,whichareconvertedtodigitaldata,orp rovidedirectdigitalinput.Thedigitaloutputofthecomputersyste mcanbeconvertedtoanalogoutputstocontrolexternalh
6、ardwaredevicessuchasactuatorsanddisplays(Figure1.2).Modelin gareal-timesystem,asinFigure1.2,issomewhatdifferentfromthem oretraditionalmodelofthereal-timesystemasaquenceofjobstob escheduledandperformancetobepredicted,whichisverysimilartot hatshowninFigure1.3.Thelatterviewissimplisticint
四级语法汉译英词典7、hatitignoresthefactthattheinputsourcesandhardwareundercontr olarecomplex.Moreover,thereareoa capella
ro kether,sweepingsoftwareenginee ringconsiderationsthatarehiddenbythemodelshowninFigure1.3.C omputerSystemSensor1Sensor2SensornDisplayDataControlSignal1 ControlSignal2ControlSignalnCameraInputFigure1.2
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Typicalreal-timecontrolsystemincludinginputsfromnsorsandi magingdevicesandproducingcontrolsignalsanddisplayinformatio n[Laplante03b].ComputerSystemJob1Job2JobnScheduleFigure1.3A classicreprentationofareal-timesystemasaquenceofjobstob escheduled.41BASICREAL-TIMECONCEPTSLookagainatto
9、themodelofareal-timesystemshowninFigure1.2.Notethatinitsrea lizationthereissomedelaybetweenprentationoftheinputs(stim ulus)andappearanceoftheoutputs(respon).Thisfactcanbeforma lizedasfollows:Definition:Thetimebetweentheprentationofas etofinputstoasys
