1．struggle vt. & vi.斗争；拼搏；努力
4．expand vt. & vi.使变大；伸展；阐述→expansion n．扩大；增加
5．circulate vt. & vi.循环；流传→circulation n．循环流通
8．equip vt. & vi.配备；装备→equipment n．设备(不可数)
9．export vt. & vi.输出；出口→import vt. & vi.输入；入口；进口
12．confu vt.使迷惑；使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confud adj.感到迷惑的→confusion n．迷惑
13．regret vt.遗憾；惋惜 n．遗憾；懊悔→regretful adj.后悔的
16．reduce vt.减少；缩减；简化→reduction n．缩小；减少
1．struggle vt. 搏斗；斗争；努力；挣扎n．斗争；挣扎
struggle with/against 与……搏斗/斗争
beside的用法struggle for sth./to do sth. 努力/争取……
struggle through 奋力通过
struggle to one‘s feet 挣扎着站起来
struggle on/along (虽艰难仍)继续做某事
with a struggle 费劲地
[即学即练1](1)They had to _________ ______ their lives ______ weather and wild animals. 为了生存他们必须与天气和野兽抗争。
(2)They had to _________ ____________ all kinds of difficulties.
他们得和各样的困难作斗争。
(3)She _________ ______ ______ ______ ______ her attacker.她挣扎着想摆脱那个袭击她的人。Struggle for against//struggle with /against//struggled to get away from
(4)______ ______ ______ __________， the old woman gained control of her business.
经过长期努力，这位老妇人在业务上已能应付自如。
After a long struggle
2．expand vt.&vi. 使变大；伸展；阐述
expansion n. 扩张；膨胀；扩大；发展
expansive adj. 扩张性的；开展性的；广阔的
expand into/to 使扩大，变大
expand on/upon 阐述，详谈
[即学即练2](1)Metals ________ when they are heated.
金属受热会膨胀。
(2)We've __________ ______ __________ by opening two more stores. 我们增开了两个商店以扩展业务。
(3)I repeated the question and waited for her to _________.
我把问题重复了一遍，等着她进行充分阐述。
Expand//expanded the business//expand
3. therefore adv.(＝as a result of that)因此；所以
[即学即练3]He was very tired and __________ he fell sound asleep.
＝He was very tired. __________ he fell sound asleep.
＝He was very tired, ______ he fell sound asleep.
他累得很，因此睡得很熟。
Therefore//Therefore//so
提示：therefore 是副词，不能引导从句，两个句子之间要用连词或者分号；而 so是连词，可接从句。4．equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备
equipment n. [U]装备；设备
equip sb./sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人/物
equip sb./sth. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而准备
raphim falls
sb. be equipped to do sth. 某人有准备做某事
equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事
be equipped with sth. 装备有某物
a piece of equipment 一件设备
[即学即练4](1)Our classroom ______ ________ ______ a TV t and a tape recorder.
我们的教室里配有一台电视和一台录音机。
(2)A good education should ______ ______ ______ ______.良好的教育能使你受用终生。
(3)Our school has been given ______ ______ __________.
我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。
is equipped with//equip you for life//some new equipment
5．regret v．&n. 遗憾；后悔；惋惜
refu with much regret (many regrets) 婉言拒绝
to one's regret 令人遗憾的是
长春翻译公司feel 对……感到后悔
express regret for/at/ 对……表示遗憾
regret＋n./pron./doing/having done 后悔做某事
regret＋that－clau 后悔，遗憾……
regret to say/ 很抱歉地说/告诉/通知……
It's much to be
令人遗憾的是……
[即学即练5](1)He regretted _________ ______ careless.
＝He regretted ______ ______ ______ ______ careless.
他对于自己的粗心大意感到懊悔。
(2)I regret ______ ______ you that we are unable to offer you employment. 我遗憾地通知你，我们不能雇用你。
(3)______ ______ ______ ______， I must leave now.
令我很遗憾的是，我现在必须离开了。
(4)We heard ______ ______ that you were not successful in your plan. 听到你的计划不能顺利进行，我们觉得很可惜。
Having been//that he had been//to inform//Much to my regret//withregret
7．reduce vt. 减少；缩减；简化
reduce one's expenditure 减少某人的开支
be reduced to despair 陷入绝望
降至……
减少了……
[即学即练7](1)He persuaded them to ______ the price ______ $1 000.
他设法使他们的价格降到1 000美元。
(2)Production costs have ______ ________ ______ one third.
生产成本下降了1/3。
(3)The fire __________ the forest ______ a few trees.
大火把森林烧得仅剩下几棵树了。
Reduce to//been reduced by//reduced to
8．comment vt.评论 n．评论，意见，议论
ask for comment 征求意见
vegetable怎么读
make comments on sth.评论某事
No comment. 无可奉告。
Without comment. 不必多说。
comment(v.)on/ upon sth.评论，对……发表意见
comment(v.)that－clau评论……
[即学即练8](1)Have you any ___________ ______ the proposals？你对这些建议有什么意见吗？(2)It created ______ ___________ in the press.
这引起报界广泛的评论。
(3)He made some uful ___________ ______ my work.
他对我的作品作了一些实用的评论。
(4)He ____________ that it was an excellent film.
他评论这部电影很精彩。
Comments on//wide comment//comments//on commented
10．rid sb./onelf/sth. of sth. 使……摆脱……
be/get rid of 去掉，摆脱；抛弃
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
be 摆脱……
[即学即练10](1)One day we will manage to ______ ______ ______ ______ this terrible dia. 总有一天我们有办法使这种可怕的疾病在世界上绝迹。
(2)You must ______ _________ ______ the old－fashioned ideas.你必须摒弃这些陈旧观念。
(3)We‘ll have to ______ ______ ______ him.
我们必须摆脱他。
(4)How can we ______ ______ ______ all the flies in the kitchen?
我们怎样才能把厨房内的苍蝇统统消灭掉？
Rid the world of//rid yourlf of//get rid of//get rid of
12．lead to 通向，导致，致使
英语三级考试查询
lead＋n.＋to sth. 引导……到……
lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
[即学即练12](1)The bank has offered a reward for any information ____________ the arrest of the men.
银行悬赏任何能将这些人绳之以法的情报。
(2)What _____________________ acting as a career？是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的？
leading to//led you to take up
rhodesia
提示：(1)lead to中的 to为介词，后面跟代词、名词或动名词。类似的词组还有：devote to 致力于/pay attention to 对……加以注意/object to 反对/stick to 坚持/look forward to 期望，等等。
(2)lead to 不用被动语态。
(3)lead to 是前因后果，而 lie in (＝result from) 是前果后因。
13．free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)
使……不含(有害物)
free from 没有……，免于……，无……之忧
free of 无……的；免于……的，离开了……的
free sb./sth. 使某人/某物自由；解放；释放
for free＝free of charge 免费地，无偿地
be free to do sth. 自由地做某事
be free with sb. 对某人放肆
free as the air 自由自在
t sb. free 释放某人
[即学即练13](1)______ the table ____________ dirt by putting a cover over it.
用个东西把桌子罩住，免得灰尘落在上面。
(2)The lake ______________ pollution.
这湖没有污染。
(3)The cretary _________________ all blame for the errors.这些失误完全不能怪秘书。
(4)Try to __________________ all prejudices.
尽量消除一切偏见。
Keep free from//is free of//was free from//free yourlf from
(1)expand“展开，扩大”，不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。
(2)extend “伸出，延伸”，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸，也可指时间的延长。
(3)spread“伸开，传播”，一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如传播(疾病)，散布(信息)等。
(4)stretch“伸展，拉长”，一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长。
[应用1] (1)The cat _________ out in front of the fire.猫在火炉前伸开四肢。
(2)The hot weather __________ to October.炎热的天气一直持续到十月份。
(3)As children grow older they _________ their interests and become more confident.
随着年龄的增长，孩子们的兴趣会变广泛，人也会变得更自信。
Stretched//extended//expand
障碍英语(4)The fire soon _________ to the nearby buildings.
火势不久就蔓延到邻近的建筑。
spread
B4U3
线上线下作文
3．perform v．执行；表演→performer n．表演者；演出者→performance n．执行；演出4．astonish vt.使惊诧→astonished adj.感到惊讶的→astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的→astonishment n．惊讶
7．entertain vt. & vi.使欢乐；款待→entertaining adj.愉快的，有趣的→entertainment n．娱乐9．overcome vt. & vi.战胜；克服
10．convince vt.使信服→convinced adj.坚信不移的→convincing adj.令人信服的
11．direct vt. & vi. &adj.导演；指示；指挥；直的；直接的；直率的→direction n．指导→director n．导演→directly adv. & conj.直接地，径直地；一……就……
16．slide vt. & vi.(使)滑动；(使)滑行 n．滑；滑动；幻灯片
18．react vi.作出反应；回应→reaction n．反应；回应
2．astonish vt. 使吃惊；使惊讶
astonishing adj. 令人十分惊异的
astonished adj. 感到十分惊讶的
astonishment n. 惊讶
to one‘s astonishment 使某人万分惊讶的是
in astonishment 惊讶地
be astonished at/by sth. 因某事而吃惊
be astonished to do sth. 因干某事而吃惊
[即学即练2](1)We __________________ the news of her sudden death.
她突然去世的消息使我们震惊。
(2)It ____________ us to hear that you did not receive our letter. 听说你还没收到我们的信，
这使我们十分惊讶。
(3)It was an ____________ story.这故事令人惊讶不已。
were astonished at//astonished//astonishing
3．entertain vt.&vi. 使快乐，款待
entertaining adj. 引人发笑的，有趣的，娱乐的
entertainment n. 招待，款待，娱乐收到 英文
entertain sb. with sth. 用……使某人快乐
entertain sb. to sth. 用……招待/款待某人
give an entertainment to sb. 招待某人
[即学即练3](1)He often __________ the children ______ funny expressions. 他经常用滑稽的表情逗孩子们玩儿。
(2)I usually _________ my friends ______ dinner on Sundays.
我常在星期天请朋友们吃饭。
(3)It’s not a very rious film, but a good _______________.
这不是一部严肃的电影，而是一部很好的娱乐片。
Entertains with//entertain to//entertainment
4．overcome v. 战胜；克服；征服
412是什么意思be overcome by sth.……使某人垮掉，……使某人昏迷
be overcome with emotion/excitement/horror/grief
因情感/兴奋/恐怖/悲伤而不能自持
[即学即练4](1)In the final game Sweden easily ____________ France.在决赛中，瑞典队轻松战胜了法国队。
(2)Her parents __________________ grief at the funeral.
在葬礼上她的父母悲痛欲绝。
(3)The dead woman had __________________ smoke.
这个女人是被烟呛死的。
Overcame//were overcome with//been overcome by
5．convince vt.使确信，使信服，使认识
convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的
convinced adj.确信的；深信的；坚信的
convince sb. of sth. 说服某人相信某事
convince sb. 使某人信服(相信)
be 确信……
be/feel firmly 确信；笃信；坚信……
[即学即练5]
(1)We finally ____________ them ______ our adventure.
＝We finally ___________ them ____________ our adventure.
我们最终令他们信服了我们的冒险经历。
(2)Her smile ___________ him ______ she was happy.
她的微笑使他确信她快乐。
(3)They __________________ the result of the experiment finally.他们最终相信了实验结果。
(4)I __________________ his guilt.________he is guilty.
我确信他有罪。
Convinced of//convinced to believe//convinced that//were convinced of//am convinced ofthat (5)There is now ____________ evidence that smoking caus lung cancer.现有令人信服的证据说
