请先阅读讲义“不定式与v-ing分词用法区别”
主语表语定语宾语宾补状语
不定式⎫⎫⎫⎫⎫⎫
-ing ⎫⎫⎫⎫⎫⎫
一、不定式与-ing都可作以上句子成分，其区别如下：
1、主语
"使用不定式：it作形式主语，多用不定式，置语句末）
It is hard to find a true friend.
It is impoli te to talk with your mouthfull.
"使用-ing
(1) 在句首时
Shoppi ng is her best way to relaxherl f.
Missin g the trainmeanswaitin g for anothe r hour.
Develo pingthe econom y and protec tingthe enviro nment can be possib le at the same time.
(2) 前有所有格修饰时
Her swimmi ng has improv ed quickl y sinceshe starte d traini ng everyday.
The presid ent’s attend ing the meetin g himl f gave them a greatdeal of encour ageme nt.
（3）在以下固定句型中（虽以it做形式主语，也用-ing））
It is no good/u persua dinghim to change his mind.
It is worthreadin g all the Chines e famous novels.
2、表语
" My job is to teachyou Englis h.
santa claus
=My job is teachi ng you Englis h.
" The news is exciti ng/surpri sing/shocki ng……
3、定语
"使用不定式：
（1）在以下句型中, 常用不定式表将来（主动形式表被动意义）
We stillhave a long way to go. (have sth to do)
Thereis a long way to go. (therebe… to do)
With a lot of homewo rk to do, I have to stay home all day. (with sth to do) （2）有序数词fi rst, cond,…last 修饰的名词后
He was determ inednot to be the firstone to voiceopinio ns.
"使用-ing：
（1）表____________
a develo pingcountr y the fast-growin g econom y a sleepi ng boy the rising sun Do you know the person talkin g to the headte acher now?
= Do you know the person who are talkin g to the headte acher now?
（2）表_____________
suppo的用法Thowishin g to join this club should sign here.
= Thowho wish to join this club should sign here.
Everyo ne attend ing the meetin g agreed to the plan.
= Everyo ne who attend ed the meetin g agreed to the plan.
（3）表_____________
an intere sting story exciti ng news puzzli ng lights confus ing
rules disapp ointi ng result s
（4）表_____________
a swimmi ng pool a walkin g stick a writin g desk a smokin g area a changi ng room
4、宾语
"使用不定式：在某些动词后
He wishes to sleepat leastfor 8 hourseveryday.
My father promis ed to buy me a cellph one if I got straig ht A in SAT.
He preten ded to be asleep when I approa chedher.
后接不定式作宾语的动词还有：
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ __________________________________
"使用-ing
（1）在某些动词后
He is consid ering changi ng for a new job.
后接-ing作宾语的动词还有：
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ __________________________________
aruba
（2）在介词后
She relaxe s herl f by shoppi ng。
Look forwar d to eing you again.
to 是介词的词组还有：
______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ __________________________________
"使用不定式和-ing意义不同
(1) forget doing(having done)________________ forget to
it is amazingdo________________________
rememb er doing(having done)_______________ rememb er to
do_____________________
下车的英文regret doing(having done) __________________ regret to
do______________________
(2) try doing_______________ try to do_______________
(3) mean doing______________ mean to do______________
(4) cant help doing______________ can’t help (to) do _____________
(5) stop doing_______________ stop to do_______________
(6）need doing_______________ need to do_______________
5、宾补：
不定式或-ing作宾补一般用在动词：
（1）感官动词: find, e, notice, obrv e, hear, listen to, smell, feel后
（2）使役动词 make, have, let, keep, leave后
宾补用（省to）不定式，-ing，过去分词都可，但意义不同。
I saw him come in.（说明的对象是宾语，表主动，动作全过程）
I saw him coming toward s us.（说明的对象是宾语，表主动，进行）
He raid his voiceto make himl f heard( by the studen ts).（说明的对象是宾语，表被动）
Sorryto keep you waitin g so long. （说明的对象是宾语，表主动和“一直所处的状态”）
He hurrie d out of the washin g room, leavin g the waterstillrunnin g. （说明的对象是宾语，表主动和“一直所处的的状态”）expression是什么意思
People alongthe coasthad all theirhous ruined by the typhoo n. （说明的对象是宾语，表被动）
6、状语
"使用不定式常表目的。
免费词典He came here to attend an import ant meetin g.
"使用-ing可表时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随、补充说明等。
Turnin g around, he saw a car drivin g up.（表_________）
Not knowin g his addres s, he had much diffic ultyfindin g his home. （表
_________）
The fire lasted a month, leavin g nothin g valuab le. （表_________）
Beingmore carefu l, you can make fewermistak es. （表_________）
He lay on the bed, thinki ng what to do the next day. （表_________）
Yester day John nt me a letter, tellin g me that he wouldcome to e me the next month.
（表_________）
二、不定式与-ing的语态与时态
一般式
复杂形式
被动式完成式完成被动式否定式
to do
主动/将来 to be done
被动/将来 to have done
主动/完成 to have been done
被动/完成 not to do，
not to be done
-
泰坦尼克号歌词ing
主动/进行/同时性 beingdone
被动/进行 having done
主动/完成 having been done
被动/完成 not doing，
not having done
以上各种形式的使用场合及区别
1. to be done / beingdone/doing常作定语
to be done 与说明对象之间表被动和将来;
beingdone与说明对象之间表被动和进行；
doing与说明对象之间表主动和进行.
The studen ts to be interv iewed tomorr ow are requir ed to bringall the necess ary papers.
= The studen ts who ______ _ tomorr ow are requir ed to bringall the necess ary papers.
The proble m beingdiscus d now is about“Econom y or enviro nment”.
= The proble m which________ ________ _________ now is about“Econom y or enviro nment”.
五年级英语教学计划The old man sittin g at the tablewearsa whiteshirt.
= The old man who _________________ __________ wearsa whiteshirt.
2. to do/ to be done作状语时的区别：
to do 与说明对象之间表____________;
to be done 表_____________.
He hurrie d back home to tell his father he had won the firstplace.
He went thereto be traine d for a pilot.
athlete3. to be doing/to do have done/to have been done 常作宾语
常用于以下句型：
sth/sb is said(report ed/though t/believ ed/consid ered) to do…
sb/sth preten d (happen) to do…
sb/sth is likely to do…
to do 与说明对象之间表主动和将来;
to be doing说明对象之间表主动和进行；
to do have done说明对象之间表主动，在谓语动词之前已发生;
to have been done说明对象之间表被动，在谓语动词之前已发生。
1) He is said to studyabroad.
=It is said that he _________ __________a broad.
2) He is said to be studyi ng abroad.
=It is said that he _________ ___________ abroad.
3) He is said to have studie d abroad. （表主动，在谓语动词i s said之前发生）
=It is said that he studie d (has studie d) abroad.
4) Liu Xiangwas report ed to have broken the worldrecord in the 110-meterhurdle race.
（表主动，发生在谓语动词wasreport ed之前）
=It was report ed that Liu Xianghad broken the worldrecord in the 110-meter
hurdle race.
5) Loulan City is believ ed to have been covere d by sandst ormsfrom AD 200 to AD 500.
（表被动，发生在谓语动词is believ ed之前）
=It is believ ed that Loulan city was covere d by sandst ormsfrom AD 200 to AD 500.
When I came in, he happen ed to go out.
When I came in, he happen ed to be having dinner.
When I came, he happen ed to have finish ed his homewo rk.
4. having done/ having been done 常作状语
doing与说明对象之间表主动，与谓语动词同时发生；
having done说明对象之间表主动，在谓语动词之前发生；
having been done表说明对象之间被动，在谓语动词之前发生。
1) Turnin g around, he saw a car drivin g up.（表主动，与谓语动词s aw同时发生）= When he _________ around, he saw a car drivin g up.
2) Having finish ed his homewo rk, he went to bed.（表主动，发生在谓语动词went 之前）
=Afterhe _________ __________his homewo rk, he went to bed.
3) Having been para ted for millio ns of years, Austra lia has a lot of unique plants and animal s that cannot be foundin any othercontin ent. （表被动，发生在谓语动词has之前）
= Becaus e Austra lia __________________ ___________for millio ns of years, it has a lot of unique plants and animal s that cannot be foundin any othercontin ent.
小试牛刀，挑战高考！
第一组
1. The wild flower s looked like a soft orange blanke t the dert.
A. coveri ng
B. covere d
C. cover
D. to cover
2. Thereis a greatdeal of eviden ce _______ that musicactivi tiesengage
differ ent partsof the brain.
A. indica te
B. indica ting
C. to indica te
D. to be indica ting
3. Peterreceiv ed a letter just now his grandm a wouldcome to e him soon.
A. said
B. says
C. saying
D. to say
4. The govern mentplansto bringin new laws _______ parent s to take more respon sibil ity for the
educat ion of theirchildr en.
A. forced
B. forcin g
C. to be forced
D. having forced
5. With the worldchangi ng fast, we have someth ing new with all by ourl ves everyday.
A. deal
B. dealt
C. to deal
D. dealin g
6. Hankswas the firstbiolog ist ________ one plantto anothe r, making plant
