第二讲 代 词
【典题试做】
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give it/running a try.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them(they) alive.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using it every day.
4．(全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by its(it) mother.
代词在语法填空中的考查点主要为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等在语境中的运用。不定代词偶尔也会涉及。
【典题试做】
1．(2019·全国卷excellencyⅢ)In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourlves in the historical environment that/which is created for them. yourlves→themlves
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The first time I went there, they were living in a small hou with dogs, ducks, and another animals. another→other
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. us→me
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I had done mylf homework, but I was shy. mylf→my/the
5．(2017·全国卷nbspⅡ)Mr.and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school. all→both或删除all
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my cond year of This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. __your→my
1．代词单复数的错用；
2．人称代词与物主代词的错用；
3．不定代词的错用；
4．代词与其所指代的对象不符。
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
类别 | 功能 | 第一人称 | 第二人称 | 第三人称 |
人称代词八年级上册英语书 | 主格 | 作主语 | I | we | you | you | 成长兔英语he | she | it | they |
宾格 | 作宾语 | me | us | you | you | him | her | it | them |
掘井物主代词 | 形容词性 | 作定语 | my | our | bathyour | your | his | her | its | their |
名词性 | 作主、表或宾语 | mine | ours | plmn yours | yours | his | hers | its | theirs |
反身代词 | 作宾、表或同位语 | mylf | our lves | yourlf | yourlves | himlf | herself | it lf | themlves |
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1.人称代词的主格多作句子主语，有时用作表语；宾格多用在及物动词或介词后作宾语，也可作表语或同位语。在口语中，常用人称代词的宾格作表语。特别注意：人称代词指代的数量前后要一致。
The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to them.
必须使学生明白每门功课对他们来说多么重要。
2．形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语，不能单独使用。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，可单独作主语、表语和宾语，也可与of连用作后置定语，但不能单独作定语。
(朗文辞典)The main difference between our brains and tho of monkeys is that ours are bigger. 我们的大脑和猴子的大脑之间的主要差别在于我们的要大些。
3．含有反身代词的习惯用语：
by onelf 单独地；独自地
for onelf 亲自；为自己
devote onelf to 致力于
apply onelf to 专心致志于
enjoy onelf 过得愉快
help onelf to 随便吃；随便用
make onelf at home 不拘束
at onelf 坐下
behave onelf 举止得体
come to onelf 恢复知觉；苏醒过来
adapt/adjust onelf to 适应于
abandon onelf to 沉迷于；放纵于
express onelf 表达自己的思想
lo onelf in(＝be lost in) 迷失
say to onelf 心里想
talk to onelf 自言自语
不定代词
1．不定代词的基本用法
each/every | each指“(两者或两者以上的人或物的)每个”，可与of短语搭配；every 指“(三者或三者以上的人或物的)每个”，在句中只作定语，不可与of短语搭配 |
每日英语听力both/all | both表示“两者都”；all 指“(三者或三者以上的人或物的)所有，全部” |
either/neither | either表示“(两者中的)任何一个”；neither表示“两者都不” |
none/nothing no one/nobody | none指人或物，表特指，表示“(三者或三者以上中)无一个，没有一点”，可与of短语连用；nothing指物，表泛指，表示“没有任何东西，没有事”，不与of短语连用； no one/nobody 指人，表泛指，不与of短语连用 |
another | 泛指“另一个” |
other/others | other泛指“另外一些”，只作定语，常与可数名词复数连用；others泛指“其余的人或物”，相当于other＋复数名词 |
the other/the others | the other特指“(两者之中的)另一个”；the others＝the other＋可数名词复数 |
few/a few | few表示“很少人/事物”；a few表示“有些人/事物，一些”，修饰或指代复数名词 |
little/a little | little表示“不多的”；a little表示“少量的，一些”，修饰或指代不可数名词 |
many/much | many 表示“许多”，修饰或指代可数名词复数；much表示“许多”，修饰或指代不可数名词 |
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2.不定代词用于习惯搭配中
nothing but 仅仅；只是
anything but 决不
something of 有几分；略微
or something 诸如此类的人或物
every other day 每隔一天
each other (两者)相互
one another (三者或三者以上)相互
(三者或三者以上)一个……
另一个
(两者中)一个……另一个……
一些……另一些……
(四川卷)She’d lived in London and Manchester, but she liked neither and moved to Cambridge. 她曾在伦敦和曼彻斯特生活过，但是两地她都不喜欢，因此她搬到了剑桥。
(湖北卷)Even if the answer emed a little strange, nobody but I doubted it. 尽管这个答案好像有点奇怪，但是除了我之外没人怀疑它。
(四川卷)Niki is always full of ideas, but none is uful to my knowledge. 尼基总是会有很多想法，但是就我所知，没有一个想法是有用的。
(安徽卷)This project requires clo teamwork.Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together. 这个项目需要密切的合作，除非我们通力合作，否则将一事无成。
(陕西卷)To warm himlf, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other. 为了暖和自己，那个海员坐在火堆前，两只光脚丫互相蹭着。
(福建卷)In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives and forks. 在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在另外一些国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。
■名师点津
部分否定和全部否定
(1)no one, none, nobody, nothing, any/either以及“no＋名词”表示全部否定；
(2)all, both, everyone/everybody/everything以及“every＋名词”与not 连用时，表示部分否定；
(3)not与总括性副词，如everywhere, always, altogether 等连用时，也表示部分否定。
While I agree with the most of what you said, I don’t agree with everything.
尽管我同意你的大部分看法，但是并不同意所有的看法。
it的用法
1．指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等，也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对
象。还指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。
(北京卷)The employment rate has continued to ri in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increa it. 由于当地政府(为增加就业率)所做的努力，大城市的就业率不断上升。
2．用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。
(1)it作形式主语的常用句型：
流浪者插曲英语测试①It＋be＋adj./n.＋(for/of sb.)＋to do sth.
②It is no good/u/uless doing sth.
③It’s (well)
④It＋be＋名词词组(a pity/a fact/no wonder/...)＋that从句
