考博英语致胜功略
英汉互译20篇
Translation Passages
语篇翻译
英译汉
English-Chine Translation
一．博士生英语入学考试英译汉部分试题说明和考核要求
博士生英语入学考试英译汉部分一般是段落翻译、篇章翻译，或给出一篇包含若干下划线句子的文章，要求根据全文意思将下划线句子翻译出来。博士生英译汉要求是“能借助词典，将难度较大、结构复杂的文章翻译成汉语，理解正确，译文达意。速度为每小时350个左右英文单词。”目前国家对博士生英语入学考试未作统一规定，由各招生学校或单位自行安排。但大纲规定博士生“英语入学水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士生的通过水平”，因此各校英语入学考试英译汉部分试题基本是根据大纲要求设计的。
二．English-Chine Translation
英译汉
（一）段落中划线句子翻译方法浅析
正确的化妆品使用步骤1．理解过程
通过阅读，抓住文章、段落、句子意思。切忌匆忙下笔，而应先吃透原文；然后再考虑其中某一句子的翻译；即在推敲某个句子前，先弄清全文意思。理解过程中障碍可用以下方法排除：
A.找出主题句
找出主题句就等于抓住了文章的“纲”。
B.理清上下逻辑关系
离开上下文，语言所表达的意思就会模糊不清。段落中的每个句子都跟上下文构成一种逻辑关系，或并列关系，或总分关系。这样，即使对某个句子不十分理解，通过分析上下文逻辑关系也能正确判断它的意思。对生词，可通过仔细阅读上下文，就可找到解释。段落与句子的关系是链条和链节的关系。
C.注意语言标记词
标记词对理解句子和段落大意有重要作用，如but, however 表示转折，therefore是对上下文的概括，in other words是对上文的解释说明
２．表达过程
理解大意的基础上，将仔细推敲过的划线句子用纯正汉语表达出来，就是表达过程。
狗语言翻译
千万不要受原文形式束缚而翻译出让人费解的句子。译文要忠实于原文，保持原文特色，而且符合汉语习惯。
用汉语将划线部分表达出来后，还应将译文对照原文进行仔细核查，为求没有遗漏和歧义的出现，而这是忠实原文的保证。之后，应进一步对译文进行语言上的润色和修饰，修正不恰当或不符合汉语习惯的表达。
（二）段落语篇翻译方法浅析
１．对语篇结构的分析和理解
翻译的操作过程可分为原文理解，译文表达，校对修改３个阶段。其中原文理解是基础。对原文的理解应该采取宏观到微观的方法：
A．宏观分析，是对译文整体的认识。要求抓住原文的主旨，理顺原文的层次。
B.对文章章节或段落进行结构分析，认清逻辑推进层次。每个段落也有自己的主题和层次。
C.对段落中难懂的字句进行特别的分析和推敲，也是至关重要的。
２．译文的表达
语言在交际过程中由于使用范围、场合和交际参与者的不同而形成不同文体。
A.新闻报道语篇有别于法律文献，叙事语篇不同于政论，正式讲演和朋友的私下交谈也有显著区别。因此，句子的衔接、语义的连贯、文体的贴切都是达到交际目的不可缺少的因素。
B.不同文体，句式也不同。论说文较长，结构较复杂，新闻报道则结构简明，信息密度大。科技文章则出现被动语态较多，而童话、神话则多用简单句。ros
C.不同文体语篇结构也不同。叙事文体以时间顺序组句成篇，描写语篇以空间顺序为主线，论说语篇则主要以逻辑层次的安排来布局谋篇。
３．校对修改
1度
检查有无误译和漏译之处，行文语言是否通顺和流畅，译文有无逻辑上错误。
三.练习和答案
Passage 1
Einstein was awarded Nobel Prize of Physics for his Photon theory. Actually his contribution to the theory of Relativity is far more important than his Photon theory. Nevertheless, the Nobel Prize Nominating Committee took a very prudent attitude to the radical theory of relativity. In fact, Nobel Prize has never been awarded so far to the founders of the theory of relativity.
What motivated Einstein and his successors most is neither wealth nor fame, nor any other lofty goals, but the pure curiosity in science and aesthetics of science.
爱因斯坦因他的光子理论而获得诺贝尔物理学奖, 其实爱因斯坦因在相对论方面的贡献远远
比他在光子理论的贡献重要得多。但是诺贝尔评奖委员会对激进的相对论持谨慎的态度。事实上迄今诺贝尔奖从未为相对论创立者颁发过。
引导爱因斯坦以及他以后的科学家生涯的最大动机，不是财富，不是名声，业不是别的甚麽更高的目标，他们的主要动机是对科学的好奇心和科学的美学。
结论怎么写
Passage 2
What is cyberspace? By Barlow' s definition, just about everybody has already been to cyberspace. “It's marked by the feeling that the person you' re talking to is in the same room. Most people take the spatial dimension of a phone conversation for granted until they get a really bad connection or a glitchy conversation call. Then they start raising their voice, as if by sheer volume they could propel it to the outer reaches of cyberspace.
Cyberspace, of cour, is bigger than a telephone call. It encompass the millions of personal computers connected by modems via the telephone system to commercial online rvices, as well as the millions more with high - speed links to local area networks, office E-mail systems and the Internet. It includes the rapidly expanding wireless rvices: microwave towers that carry great quantities of cellular phone and data traffic; communications satellites strung like beads in geosynchronous orbit; low - flying satellites that will soon crisscross the globe like angry bees connecting folks too far - flung or too much on the go to be fastened by wires. Someday even our television ts may he part of cyberspace, transformed into interactive teleputers" by so- called full- rvice networks like the ones veral cable - TV companies are building along the old cable lines, using fiber optics arid high speed switches.
什么是赛百空间？按约翰·帕利·巴洛的说法，赛百空间可以最言简意赅地定义为“你利用电话进行交谈时所处的空间”。当然, 赛百空间之所云比打电话更广泛。它包括数以百万计的计算机用调制解调器通过电话系统相连形成的联网商业服务系统，它接入当地高速信息网络、办公电子邮件和国际互联网之中。它包括发展迅速的无线服务系统：负责大量的手机信号与数据传输的微波发射塔；连珠似的运行于地球同步轨道上的通讯卫星；象怒蜂一样穿梭往返于地球与太空之间的低空卫星，它们把用线路联络显得太远或花费太多的人们联原来的电缆线，利用光缆和高速转换器建成的那种所谓的全方位服务网络那样。
dain
connerPassage 3
It would be more regretful to idle your life out than you die young or die old. It is quite possible that a person who die at his eighteenth would live more fruitfully than a person who die at eighty. We do believe that it would be better for him to pass each passing day worthfully than to accumulate lots of valuable experience regardless of the conquences. That is to say, he should try to pass each day of his life as if it would be the only day in his life. It means that he should try his best to cope with all the
depressions and pains in his life peacefully and forcefully. He should try his utmost to find means to get access to life and increa and keep the interest and value of life.
不论是英年早逝, 还是老年故去，都没有比虚度年华更令人遗憾。一个人活了十八岁可能比另一个人活了八十年活得更加充实。对于生活，我们认为并不是要去不顾一切地积累大量的他以为是有价值的经验，而是应该过好每天的时光。也就是说，他总是把每一天当作似乎那是他生命中唯一的一天来过。这意思是说，人应当要寻求平和感和力量感去对付生活中的失意和痛苦。提示坚持不懈地努力去发现能更接近生活的办法，增加并维持生活的乐趣和价值。
vertical是什么意思Passage 4
One of the biggest mysteries in human history of the modern world in which we live is the unique integration of many elements of China and the West. It is highly probable that over the half of the dominant inventions and discoveries have their origin from China, which is hardly known to the outside world.
Why didn't we Chine realize such an important truth? The main reason is that the declining and corruption of China in recent 100 years since the Opium War deface the Chine people and make them lo their lf-respect, thus failing to e this point. If the inventors and discoverers didn't persist in their own rights for originality and even lost the memory of such rights, why would the successors of the inventions and discoveries like to worry about returning such rights to the real or破产姐妹第一季下载
iginators? So it is a real problem that the westerners are still reluctant to admit this fact until now. It would be comfortable to lie on the glory of the laurel to credit themlves with the claim that they attained such a height in science independently without any help of others.
人类历史上鲜为人知的最大奥秘之一就是我们居于其中的现代世界是中国和西方多种成分的独特综合。很可能现代世界所赖以建立的一半以上的主要的发明和发现都是来源于中国。而这是鲜为人知的。
为什么我们中国人没有认识到这种巨大的真理呢？主要的原因是中国自鸦片战争一百多年来中国的衰败使中国人失去了自尊感，因而看不到这一点。如果这些发现发明的创始人自己就不再坚持自己的首创权利了，甚至他们自己对这些创造的记忆都淡薄了，为什么他们的继承者还要煞费苦心地把这些失去的首创权利物归原主呢？直到现在还要很多西方人是否原意知道事实真象依然是个问题。自我满足于认为是西方人自己孤立无助地达到了他们今天的地位，总比把这些发明创造的功劳归于别人更舒服些
Passage 5
I t is often a puzzle for most children to learn to read. It is estimated that about 20 % of the Americans who experience barriers to turn the letters on a page into sounds. The recent rearch in
brain image-formation helps to determine the positions where such generation and transformation are done. This is actually a very significant result. It has disclod the neural basis why some quite clever people may experience difficulty in reading. But it is the cond finding of this rearch that
accounts for the common concern. That is the difference between the man and woman with their reading barrier.
The chief scientist of this rearch is the pediatrician Sari Schultz and her husband, the neurologist Bennett. Their rearch interest does not lie in the x difference in reading. Rather, it aims at showing what parts of human brain are most active in language transfer through measuring the minor change of the blood flow in the brain by means of the most advanced image-formation technology-−nuclear magnetic resonance to reflect the image-formation process in human brain.
breakfast怎么读But Sari Schultz said that it would be more accurate to adopt nuclear magnetic resonance. This is how they have finally defined the position of sound processing in human brain, or the x difference in sound transformation in reading.
对于多数儿童来说，学会阅读是学习实践中的一个难题。估计有20％的美国人在把书页上的字母转换成声音时经常出现障碍。最近大脑成像方面的研究确定这种貌似神奇般的转换发生的部位。这是个非
常重要的结果：第一步就是解开了为什么一些相当聪明而在阅读方面有困难的人们的神经基础。但引起关注的热点是这项研究的第二项成果，也就是女人在阅读方面发生的障碍与男人不同。
这项研究的主持者儿科专家萨利. 舍维茨和她的丈夫，神经学家贝内特。舍维茨研究的不是男女的性别差异, 他们研究采用了现有最先进的反映大脑成像技术−实用磁共振成像，象其它反映大脑成像技术一样，通过测试血流的微小变化来显示大脑的哪些部分最活跃。但是，萨利. 舍维茨说实用磁共振成像技术比其它技术更精确，这也就是他们如何终于发现了在音位处理，或者说读音转换方向的性别差异。
Passage 6
The world Intellectual Property Organization, or WIPO for short, --was t up according to the treaty signed in Stockholm in 1967. This treaty was put into effect in 1970. China was invited to join the treaty On June 3rd, 1980.
The world Intellectual Property Organization is an organization among governments who headquarters is in Geneva, Switzerland. It is one of the specialized institutions under the United Nations’ intellectual property system. The headquarters is in charge of improving the protection of the world intellectual properties in the world sphere through the international cooperation.
The intellectual properties include two main parts: the industrial properties and the publishing properties.
The industrial property protection is mainly concerned with the protection of the inventions in trademarks and designs of industrial products. It also stipulates the prohibition of improper competition. The former three aspects have something in common for their exclusive methods in protecting intellectual properties, such as inventions, trademarks and the product surface outlooks, etc. However, it has nothing to
