福利经济学英文复习题答案2014
1
1.Regardless of how the initial resource configuration,decentralized competitive market can be achieved by lf-interested behavior of individual transactions Walrasian equilibrium,and this equilibrium must be Pareto efficient configuration, consistent with Pareto optimal（）effect.
2.Pareto efficient allocation of resources each can be achieved through market mechanisms.（）All people should do is to enable the Government to make some initial amount of redistribution.圣诞节快乐英文
3.In the ca of non-dictatorship（）,there can be no social welfare function that apply to all types of personal preference.
4.The greaterthe total national income,social and economic benefits is big;The national income distribution（）is equal,the greater the social and economic benefits.
5.Only can be measured by monetary（）part of the social welfareis the economic benefits
答案：
1.帕累托最优；
2.市场机制；
3.非独裁；
4.收入分配；
5.货币的。
1.Welfare that people meet in the physical and spiritual.
2.In a free choice system,the various groups of society in constant pursuit of maximizing their own interests in the process,can make the economic resources of the entire community to get the most reasonable configuration.
3.If the economy does not have any one person can make their ca without making someone el wor off at the same time to get better,then this state is reached the optimal allocation of resources.Efficiency is defined as Pareto efficiency becomes.
4.The first theorem is about the pursuit of profit if the companies are each individual to pursue their maximum efficiency,the market will naturally we can achieve a socially optimal allocation of resources
5.in a perfectly competitive market conditions,the government have to do is change the initial endowment allocation status between individuals and the rest of everything can be solved by the market.Pareto efficient allocation of resources each can be achieved through market mechanisms.
答案：
1.福利指人们在物质和精神上的满足。
2.在一个自由选择的体制中，社会的各类人群在不断追求自身利益最大化的过程中，可以使整个社会的经济资源得到最合理的配置。
3.如果经济中没有任何一个人可以在不使他人境况变坏的同时使自己的情况变得更好，那么这种状态就达到了资源配置的最优化。这样定义的效率被称为帕累托最优效率。
大连英语教师4.第一定理是讲如果企业都追求利润，每个个人都追求自己的效益最大化，市场
自然就可以达到一个社会最优的资源配置。
5.在完全竞争的市场条件下，政府所要做的事情是改变个人之间禀赋的初始分配状态，其余的一切都可以由市场来解决。每一种具有帕累托效率的资源配置都可以通过市场机制实现。
2
1.As long as the perfectly competitive equilibrium（）is achieved Pareto optimal state is also called the first theorem of welfare economics.
freaky
2.Decreasing or constant returns to scale refers to with the expansion of production scale（）,product unit cost is constant or increasing.
3.The total social surplus is consumer surplus（）and producer surplus.
4.The social curity system,including:social insurance,social relief,social welfare,special care and placement,corporate supplementary insurance （）,personal savings accumulated.
5.Public goods（）means that the consumer has a non-competitive,with exclusive articles on posssion.
答案：
1.均衡，或均衡状态；
2.生产规模；
3.消费者剩余；
4.企业补充保险；
5.公共物品。
1.A socially accepted from any initial allocation of state resources and fair view,to achieve Pareto optimal state are required to aid the competitive market mechanisms to achieve this is the cond theorem of welfare economic.
2.External economic effect refers to the economic activity of economic agents inadvertently cau good or bad effects on the economy welfare of others,but there is no reasonable compensation to others or themlves to be compensated.
3.Engel coefficient reflects the percentage of its total personal expenditure on food consumption expenditure.
4.Optimal social welfare state is a state in which everyone their original basis, without impairing other people's conditions are not in promoting of standards.
5.Okun's leaky bucket principle:Okun believes that the Government's way to u if the tax transfer part of their income from the rich to the poor,the poor actually received,lost fewer than the rich,the rich will be part of the income transfers to the poor,help to promote of equality,but it will bring loss of efficiency,therefore, equality and efficiency in reality often contradictory.
答案：
1.从任何一个社会公认的公平的资源初始分配状态出发，要达到帕累托最优状态都须借助竞争性市场机制实现这就是福利经济学第二定理。
2.外部经济效应是指经济当事人的经济活动无意间对别人的经济福利状况造成好或坏的影响，而又没有给别人以合理的补偿或自己得到补偿。
3.恩格尔系数反应了个人食品支出占其全部消费支出的百分比。
4.社会福利状态最优是以每个人各自的状态在原有的基础上，在不损害别人的条
件下都不能在增进为标准的。
5.奥肯漏桶原理：奥肯认为，政府如果用税收的办法，从富人那里转移一部分收入给穷人，穷人实际得到的，比富人失去的要少，将富人的一部分收入转移给穷人，有利于促进平等，但却会带来效率的损失，因此，平等和效率在现实中往往是矛盾的。
3
1.An allocation()is Pareto efficient if the only way to make one person better off is to make another person wor off.
2.A Pareto improvement()is a reallocation of resources that makes one person better off without making anyone el wor off.
3.The branch of economic theory concerned with the social desirability() of alternative economic states.
4.The Coa Theorem states that once property rights()are established and transaction costs are small,then one of the parties will bribe the other to attain the socially efficient quantity.
包括但不限于5.The impact of expenditure()policy on the distribution of real income.
答案：
1.一项分配；
2.帕累托改进；
3.社会期望；
4.产权；
5.支出。
1.Production possibilities curve:a graph that shows the maximum quantity of one output that can be produced,given the amount of the other output.
2.A social welfare function is simply a statement of how society’s well-being relates to the well-being of its members.
3.A Pigouvian tax is a tax levied on each unit of a polluter’s output in an amount just equal to the marginal damage it inflicts at the efficient level of output.
4.Cost effective:a policy that achieves a given amount of pollution reduction at the lowest cost possible.
5.Economic theory helps isolate a small t of variables that are important influences on behavior.
四级翻译多少分
答案：
1.生产可能性曲线：显示在给定另外一种产品产出数量的情况下，一种产品所能产出的最大数量的图。
2.社会福利功能可以简单地表述为：社会幸福如何与其社会成员的幸福相关联。
3.庇古税就是对污染者每单位产量征税，其税额正好等于污染者在效率产量水平上造成的边际损害。
4.成本效率：一项政策在最低成本水平上所能达到的给定的污染减少量。
5.经济理论就是帮助人们理解那些孤立的对人的行为产生重要影响的一组变量。
4
1.Welfare economics,also known as normative economics（）,which is characterized by both normative and positive.
2.Pareto improvement（）is a state that is a part of social change makes the social welfare increa
密歇根大学s,while not reducing the welfare of other members of society.
3.Economic surplus is a concept in economics is more common,it is the consumer surplus and producer surplus（）compod of two basic concepts.
4.The reason the social welfare monopoly derogation has inefficient allocation （）of resources and Inefficient u of resources.
5.If the Gini coefficient（）of1indicates perfect inequality of income distribution actually.
答案：
1.规范经济学；
2.帕累托改进；考研政治答题模板
3.生产者剩余；
4.低效率分配；
5.基尼系数。
1.The third principle is more feasible excellent decisions on the basis of the principle of development on the Pareto principle propod.
2.Monopoly will not only cau a net welfare loss to society,and will generate rent-eking costs.
3.Public goods refers neither exclusive,nor have u nature items.
2011年安徽高考分数线4.For each person,when the marginal benefit of public goods consumption tax benefit equal to the marginal negative when it is the optimal provision of public goods.
5.The size of the total social welfare depends not only on how much of the total national income,but also on income distribution among members of different societies.
答案：
1、第三优原理是在帕累托最优原理发展的基础上提出的较为可行的决策原则。居里夫人笔记辐射
2、垄断不仅会造成社会净福利损失，而且会产生寻租成本。
3、公共物品指既不具有排他性，也不具有竞争性的物品。
4、对每个人而言，当公共物品消费的边际效益等于税收的边际负效益时，这一点就是公共物品的最优供给。
5、社会总福利的大小不仅取决于国民收入总量的多少，也取决于国民收入在不同社会成员之间的分配。
5.
1.At prent,a good or bad judgment of social welfare which is generally accepted by people is the standard of Pareto.（）
2.Old welfare economics reprented by Pigou is bad on cardinal utility（），The new welfare economics reprented by Pareto is bad on ordinal utility.
3.The non efficiency of the monopolistic production is divided into three types:
non-efficiency in Resource allocation,non-efficiency in Resource utilization, corruption cost.()
4.The two tool to inspect the condition of income distribution is the lorenz curve （）and the Gini coefficient.
5.The three main modes to rai The social curity fund are pay-as-you-go system （），Full-funded System，Partially Funding system
答案：
1.帕累托标准；
2.基数效用；
3.寻租成本；
4.洛伦茨曲线；
5.现收现付模式。
1.The third principle is more feasible excellent decisions on the basis of the principle of development on the Pareto principle propod.
2.Engel coefficient reflects the percentage of its total personal expenditure on food consumption expenditure.
3.As long as the complete competition achieve the equilibrium state,it is Pareto optimal state,it shows that the desirability of market economy.
4.Market failure:non public goods becau of the market monopoly and price distortions,or public goods becau of asymmetric information and externality and other reasons,lead to resource configuration invalid or inefficient,and thus can not realize the resource allocation of state resources allocation zero opportunity cost.
5.Public goods:is non competitive,non exclusive,cannot rely on market forces to achieve effective allocation of products.
答案：
1.第三优原理是在帕累托最优原理发展的基础上提出的较为可行的决策原则。超人集中营2
2.恩格尔系数反应了个人食品支出占其全部消费支出的百分比。
3.只要是完全竞争达到的均衡状态，就是帕累托最优状态，它表明了市场经济的合意性——福利经济学第一定理或福利经济学基本定理。
4.市场失灵：对于非公共物品而言由于市场垄断和价格扭曲，或对于公共物品而言由于信息不对称和外部性等原因，导致资源配置无效或低效，从而不能实现资源配置零机会成本的资源配置状态。
5.公共物品：具有非竞争性、非排他性、不能依靠市场力量实现有效配置的产品。
论述题：选择其中2题为考题。
1.试析负所得税制可减轻传统“补差式”社会救济方案对穷人工作积极性影响的原因。
2.结合我国实际论述公共选择理论的实践意义。
3.试论述述福利经济学的发展历史。
4.如何理解李特尔补偿标准？李特尔补偿标准完善吗？为什么？
5.论述贫困对人的福利状况的影响。
6.试述外部效应的行政解决方法。
7.论述公共物品生产决策中的成本——收益分析法。
