Using an electrocardiogram (ECG) is an
invaluable way to identify various physical
ailments. To conduct an ECG, medical personnel place leads on a patient’s skin and measure the electrical activity of the heart over one beat cycle. The outputs of the leads are combined to create an ECG signal. Variations in the signal amplitude and timing provide indications of various ailments such as myocardial infarction, hypocalcaemia, and emphyma. Today there is a wide array of cardiac equipment that displays and interprets ECG signal patterns. Medical equipment designers need a fl exible way to amlessly generate accurate ECG signal patterns to verify and test their designs. In this measurement brief, we will discuss how to generate complex ECG signal patterns with an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG).
M E A S U R E M E N T T I P S
Volume 10, Number 3
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integrateGenerating Complex ECG Patterns with an Arbitrary Waveform Generator
Snapshot
A maker of cardiac monitoring equipment needed to test its latest design’s
ability to capture and interpret ECG signals. The company’s design engineers wanted to simulate gradually changing quences of normal and abnormal ECG signals to test and tune the design’s input signal conditioning hardware and the fi rmware interpreta-tion algorithms to ensure their design did not produce fal positives or life-threatening fal negatives. To simulate the ECG signals, the engineers ud the Agilent 33521A function/arbitrary waveform generator. They cho the 33521A becau of its arbitrary waveform quencing feature. This feature allow to amlessly switch across various ECG signals stored in arbitrary waveform memory. With this functionality, they were able to simulate the gradual ont of various ECG signal abnormalities without any discontinuities in their test. Also, the 33521A’s 1-million-point arbitrary waveform memory allowed them to store a large library of various ECG signals.
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ECG waveform
A typical 12-lead ECG waveform is shown in Figure 1. Key waves and intervals are labeled.
FIGURE 1. 12-lead ECG waveform FIGURE 2. Built-in ECG waveform
逼仄
In this measurement brief, we will u the 12-lead ECG waveform as an example to show you how you can u an AWG to create complex cardiac signal patterns. Of cour, an AWG can be ud to simulate other lead-count ECG waveforms or to simulate a single-lead signal. The purpo here is to show how an AWG can be ud to create complex cardiac signal patterns.
ECG waveform
There are three methods to create and store an ECG on an AWG: 1. You can u a device such as a digitizer or oscilloscope to capture an actual ECG signal from a patient. Then you upload the digitize
d points to the AWG. With modern AWGs, there are many ways to accomplish this, including using a .csv fi le and a memory stick. 2. You can u mathematical software to create an ECG signal. There may be custom software for the AWG that can do this, or you could
u a standard software package, such as MATLAB ®. 3. If your instrument has this capability, you can u your AWG’s built-in
typical ECG waveform. The Agilent 33521A has this capability.
The example ECG waveforms ud later in this measurement brief were bad on the 33521A’s built-in ECG waveform, which is shown in Figure 2. An easy way to create a whole library of different ECG waveforms is to combine method 1 and 2 or method 3 and 2 together.
Conclusion
Human lives are at stake, so thorough testing of cardiac monitoring equip-ment designs is critical. To ensure your design properly characterizes and interprets various ECG waveform conditions, you need accurate testing simulations of complex ECG signal patterns. AWGs, like the 33521A, that have arb quencing capability and deep arb memory provide an excel-lent solution for ECG simulation. The quencing provides the ability to amlessly transition through various ECG signal conditions. The deep arb memory complements the quencing capability by allowing you to store a large library of ECG waveforms. This allows you to add subtle changes from waveform to waveform for high-resolution testing of your design.
quences to contain up to 512 steps, allowing you to create complex ECG patterns for thorough testing.
Product specifi cations and descriptions in this document subject to change without notice.© Agilent T echnologies, Inc. 2010Printed in USA, July 1, 20105990-5899EN
For more information on Agilent T echnologies’ products, applications or rvices, plea contact your local Agilent offi ce. The complete list is available at:
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