吸烟与健康翻译人才Passage 1
American War of Independence
wheeI. Colonial Period
ykwMost people who came to the British colonies in the 1600s were English. Others came from The Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, France, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. By 1690, 250,000 people lived in the New World. By 1790, there were 2.5 million people.
圣诞快乐 英语美丽的英语怎么写People came for different reasons. Some left their homes to escape war. Others sought political or religious freedom. Some had to work as rvants to pay back the cost of their trip before gaining their freedom. Some, like black Africans, arrived as slaves.
In time, the 13 colonies developed within three distinct regions.
The first ttlements were along the Atlantic coast and on rivers that flowed into the ocean. In the Northeast, trees covered the hills and stones filled the soil, but water power was avail
able. The Northeast was called New England, and it included Massachutts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. The economy was bad on timber, fishing, shipbuilding, and trade.匠气
The middle colonies included New York, New Jery, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland. The weather was milder and the countryside was more varied. People worked in industry and agriculture. The society was more diver and sophisticated. People living in New York came from all over Europe.
The Southern colonies included Virginia, Georgia, and North Carolina and South Carolina. The growing ason was long and the soil was fertile. Most people were farmers. Some owned small farms that they worked themlves. The wealthy farmers owned large plantations and ud African slaves as workers.
The relationships between ttlers and Native Americans (also called Indians) were good and bad. In some areas, the two groups traded and were friendly. In most cas, as the ttlements grew bigger, the ttlers forced the Indians to move.
As time went on, all the colonies developed governments bad on the British tradition of citizen participation. In Britain, the Glorious Revolution of 1688–1689 limited the power of the king and gave more power to the people. The American colonists cloly obrved the changes. Colonial asmblies claimed the right to act as local parliaments. They pasd laws that limited the power of the royal governor and incread their own authority.
Disagreements between the royal governors and the asmblies continued. The colonists realized that their interests often were different from Britain’s interests. At first, the colonists wanted lf-government within a British commonwealth. Only later did they want independence.
II. The Road to Independence
The ideas of liberalism and democracy are the basis of the U.S. political system. As the colonists built their new society, they believed more strongly in the ideas. Britain’s 13 colonies grew in population and economic strength during the 1700s. Although ruled by a
distant government, the colonists governed many local affairs.
poetryAfter Britain won a costly war with France in the 1750s, the colonists were asked to help pay for the war, and for Britain’s large empire. The policies restricted the colonists’ way of life.
For example, the Royal Proclamation of 1763 restricted the colonists from ttling new land. The Currency Act of 1764 made it illegal to print paper money in the colonies. The Quartering Act of 1765 forced the colonists to provide food and housing for the royal soldiers. The Stamp Act of 1765 taxed all legal papers, licens, newspapers, and leas.
The Stamp Act united the colonists in an organized resistance. The main problem was that they weren’t allowed to participate in the government that taxed them.
In October 1765, 27 delegates from nine colonies met in New York. They pasd resolutions saying that the individual colonies should have the right to impo their own t
axes. This satisfied most of the delegates, but a small number of radicals wanted independence from Britain.
One of tho people was Samuel Adams of Massachutts. He wrote newspaper articles and made speeches. The groups he helped to organize became a big part of the revolutionary movement.
By 1773, colonial traders, who were angry with British regulation of the tea trade, were interested in Sam Adams’s ideas. In December 1773, a group of men sneaked on three British ships in Boston harbor and threw the cargo of tea overboard. This event became known as the Boston Tea Party.
The British Parliament punished Massachutts by closing Boston’s port and by restricting local authority. Colonists called the new laws the Intolerable Acts and united to oppo them. All the colonies except Georgia nt reprentatives to Philadelphia in September 1774 to talk about their “prent unhappy state.” It was the First Continental Congress.耶酥
