2021年上海市杨浦区高考英语二模试卷
1.Understanding the Cloness-Communication Bias（偏见）Most of us assume that we
communicate better with our friends and loved ones than we do with strangers. However, it is often the ca that the clor we are to（1）______ ，the less likely we are to listen carefully to them. This phenomenon is called cloness-communication bias, and it has been known to affect personal relationships.
prove的用法The reason （2）______ many people unconsciously "tune out" their family members or clo friends is that they think they already know what the other person （3）______ （say）. It's similar to the way in which you might not notice signs, landmarks, or scenery on a path you have travelled down numerous times.
Rearchers have repeatedly demonstrated cloness-communication bias in experiments.
In one such study, subjects were paired up in a room with friends or spous,（4）______ （follow）by being paired up with complete strangers. Rearchers then asked the
sora aoi
subjects to interpret （5）______ their friends and spous were saying to them. In the majority of cas
es, （6）______ most subjects assumed they would better understand tho they were clo to, they actually understood them no better than strangers. In some cas, they understood their clo friends and spous even less.
Another study showed that people are more likely to share their most worrisome troubles with people they were（7）______ （clo）to rather than with their spous or clo friends. By sharing crets with strangers, people are able to avoid （8）______ （judge）and prevent creating unnecessary conflict within their clo relationships.
Unfortunately, the cloness-communication bias is a reality that most people live （9）______ whether they know it or not. Not only （10）______ this prevent people from listening to tho they love, but it also means their loved ones aren't listening to them, either.
Newton's Notes on Egypt's Pyramids Sell for €378，000 Handwritten notes by the
English scientist Sir lsaac Newton were sold at a Sotheby's London auction on 7
suitupDecember, fetching €378，000. The three pages of notes, which date from the 1680s, show
Newton （1）______ to work out the structure and exact measurements of ancient
Egyptian pyramids. The notes are burnt around the （2）______ ，which is thought to be the result of Newton's dog jumping up on the table and knocking over a candle.
Newton,who lived from 1642 to 1727，is most famous for discovering the laws of gravity.
However,among his many other（3）______ ，he wanted to work out the date and timings of the Apocalyp（末世）.He thought that the key to this knowledge might be in the ancient pyramids at Giza, Egypt.
By studying the （4）______ of individual bricks, the length of tunnels and the height of chambers,Newton thought he would be able to work out the crets of the pyramids and therefore unpick mysteries of Apocalyp, too. Newton also thought studying the
pyramids could help him to work out the circumference （周长）of the Earth- a （5）______ piece in his work on gravity.
At the time, veral people believed that the ancient Egyptians had access to important knowledge and crets that were （6）______ when their civilisation ended. This belief was central to the study of alchemy（炼金术）. Although Newton was very interested in alchemy, he kept this hidden becau he thought it would （7）______ his career. He was known as an Enlightenment scientist.
However, Newton （8）______ showed more interest in alchemy than in science and maths. In 1936，a sale of Newton's paperwork at Sotheby's auction hou revealed how far his rearch and interest in alchemy（9）______ . John Maynard Keynes, an economist, bought some of tho papers. He said that Newton was "not the first of the age of （10）______ ，he was the last of the magicians". The notes that sold on 7 December are
烟蒂
thought to be part of the same body of work.
Thieving Monkeys - Name Your Price Human beings are not the only species able to negotiate a deal.
If you visit Uluwatu temple in Bali, be careful. The long-tailed macaques （猕猴）there are well-known thieves. They make a living by （1）______ visitors of their posssions and then holding tho objects until a payment in the form of food is paid. That is quite clever. But professor Jean-Bap
tiste Leca wondered whether the monkeys are cleverer still. Sometimes, they do not accept the first （2）______ and hold out for more. He therefore asked himlf whether macaques are able to （3）______ how valuable an object is to its owner, and factor that into their negotiations.
Professor Leca and his colleagues conducted their experiment by wandering around the temple with video cameras, recording the activities of the monkeys. Every time they saw a monkey show interest in a （4）______ tourist, they recorded the interaction. Not all attempts at robbery were successful. But of tho that were, they analyd the （5）______ of almost 2，200. To work out what was going on, they had first to establish the （6）______ values of food rewards to monkeys, and of stealable objects to people. The temple staff keep three sorts of reward available for u in negotiations （7）______ tourists who want to get their property back：raw eggs, biscuits and small bags of fruit. Different monkeys have different （8）
______ ，but professor Leca established the for （9）______ animals by offering them choices between pairs of treats in an initial experiment.
To confirm which stealable objects are most （10）______ by people, they divided them into six class：empty containers, such as phone cas and camera bags；accessories such as key rings；
hats and headgear；shoes；spectacles and sunglass；and electronics and wallets. They then obrved, from the video recordings, how often victims （11）______ to bargain with the thief for the return of property belonging to different class, and （12）______ classified objects into low value （the first two class on the list），medium value （the cond two）and high value （the third two）.
They found that monkeys do have a good n of what they are doing - （13）______ ，adults and sub-adults do. The animals have a preference for stealing high-value items, and will often hold out either for more rewards, or for better ones, if they are in posssion of such items. But this is something that they have to learn how to do as they grow up. Young ones make no such （14）______ ，and sub-adults are less good at doing so than adults.
In monkeys, as in people, guile（狡猾）is not a trick that is inborn. It has to be （15）______ .
2. A. warning B. robbing C. reminding D. clearing
3. A. deposit B. dish C. offer D. prey
4. A. assign B. assist C. assure D. asss
5. A. particular B. principal C. peculiar D. progressive
6. A. impacts B. details C. attacks D. motions
7. A. preci B. scientific C. optional D. relative
8. A. in spite of B. in honor of
C. with regard to
birthrate
D. on behalf of
9. A. preferences B. potentials C. performances D. predictions
10. A. individual B. independent C. collective D. cooperative
11. A. identified B. valued C. exchanged D. rewarded
12. A. refud B. managed C. bothered D. happened
13. A. instead B. otherwi C. thus D. meanwhile
just the way you are什么意思14. A. in practice B. at least C. in all D. at length
15. A. differences B. distinctions C. distributions D. demands
16. A. acquired B. reverd C. managed D. informed
D
"Uncle Chuchu, look!" Uncle Chuchu turns to where Preet is pointing. She quickly eats up the chips on his plate. He always falls for this trick！
Chuchu is the pet name Preet has given him. Uncle Chuchu is the kindest person in Preet's world. He is also her best friend. One day, Preet es Uncle Chuchu scoop （抓起）handfuls of candies from a jar and drop them from his bedroom window. She watches in amazement as he ducks under the windowsill, trying hard not to laugh.
Cries of delight float up from the street!
At the end of the lane is a school. When the lunch bell rings, Uncle Chuchu cretly drops candies down to the school children as they pass under his window.
whirlpoolAfter lunch, Uncle Chuchu walks back to his office with his briefca. When he pass the children playing, he doesn't look at them. So, the children never guess that the hand that nds them candies every day belongs to this thin, solemn man!
But one day, Uncle Chuchu has a terrible pain in his stomach. As he's taken to the hospital, he press Preet's hand one last time…
Now, Preet sits in Uncle Chuchu's empty room. His yoga mat is on the floor. She remembers that long ago one day when she had walked in and found a pair of long legs poking into the air. "Help!" Preet had yelled. "Uncle Chuchu is hurt!" Mom and Grandma had rushed into the room and burst out laughing! "He's not hurt." Mom said. "He's doing yoga!" Grandma said. "Yoga," repeated Preet. She had watched with wondering eyes as Uncle Chuchu lifted his body on the palms of his hands, like a bird about to fly away!
Preet's eyes are wet. Nobody can fill the Uncle Chuchu-shaped hole in her heart.
slip away什么意思
…
17.The scene described in the first paragraph is intended to show readers ______ .
buttonhole
A. that Uncle Chuchu is easily fooled by others
B. what fun Preet ud to have with Uncle Chuchu
C. how Preet enjoyed eating snacks such as chips
D. that Uncle Chuchu always treated Preet equally
服装裁剪18.The underlined word "duck" in the cond paragraph means ______ .
A. hide
B. hang
C. drag
D. mark
19.Why did Uncle Chuchu drop candies from his bedroom window？______
A. He didn't want to eat up all the candies.
B. He was too shy to greet the children directly.
C. He wanted to bring delight to the children.
D. He took pity on the homeless children in the street.
20.What is the best title for the story？______
A. Uncle Chuchu's Yoga Mat
B. Preet's Farewell to Uncle Chuchu
C. Preet's Innocent Childhood
D. Uncle Chuchu's Jar of Candies
E
