浅析《夜莺与玫瑰》中的几种主要修辞手法
amumentpark文章介绍：《夜莺与玫瑰》是一篇童话，故事讲述了一位年轻的学生渴望得到一朵红玫瑰送给教授的女儿，这样她会答应与他跳舞。他因找不到红玫瑰而伤心苦恼，为了使他获得爱情，夜莺唱了整整一夜的歌，用玫瑰刺刺穿自己的心脏，用自己的鲜血染红了一朵最为娇艳的红玫瑰。年轻的学生拿着这朵玫瑰送给心上人，可她却说内廷大臣的侄子的珠宝比鲜花更值钱。失望的学生认清了爱情的无聊本质，扔掉玫瑰，回去读书了。这个故事歌颂了夜莺为了别人的幸福与快乐而牺牲自己的高尚情操，同时也鞭挞了人类社会的庸俗和肮脏。作品最后，作者留下了一句令人感慨的一句话“爱情诚如手中玫瑰，娇艳名贵，但如果你不再需要它时，便是一分不值。”作者是奥斯卡·王尔德，他是英国著名的作家、剧作家、散文家和诗人，是19世纪末英国唯美主义代表人物之一，“为艺术而艺术”的倡导者，他坚信美可以拯救社会和人心。
《夜莺与玫瑰》这部作品极为感人，作品语言生动优美，辞藻华丽，诗意浓郁，被认为是诗的散文化，作者运用了大量的修辞手法和写作手法。
一、拟人（Personification）
Personification is a figure in which inanimate objects or abstractions are
endowed with human form.
拟人是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，使文章的表达更加生动形象，让阅读者更真巧的体会到文章的意境及作者所要表达的思想感情，同时也使文章易懂但不通俗。在《夜莺与玫瑰》中，作品通篇使用了拟人的手法来修饰文中的树木、花鸟等，作者给它们都赋予了人类的思想感情，它们就像我们身边活生生的各类人群一样说着、笑着、哭着、思考着、行动着，让人倍感熟悉与亲切。如：
例1．“Here at last is a true lover," said the Nightingale. "Night after night have I sung of him, though I knew him not: night after night have I told his story to the stars and now I e him…”
例2．But the Oak-tree understood and felt sad, for he was very fond of the little Nightingale, who had built her nest in his branches. “Sing me one last song,” he whispered; “I shall feel lonely when you are gone.”
例3．Then she gave one last burst of music. The white Moon heard it, and she forgot the dawn, and lingered on in the sky.
在例1中，作者赋予了夜莺以自己的思想，借夜莺之嘴写出了作者对真爱的追求；例2是夜莺做了以死换红玫瑰的决定后，作者描写了橡树的感受，表现出了橡树对夜莺的疼爱和理解，让人深刻感受到生离死别的无奈与痛苦以及朋友的有力支持。例3写的是夜莺的最后一曲，作者将月亮拟人化，说月亮倾听夜莺的歌唱而沉溺其中忘了天明，依然挂在天空中，深刻的表现出了夜莺是在用真情在歌唱，用真心在创造红玫瑰，同时也渲染了永别的清凉之情。
二、比喻
比喻是用具体的、浅显的、熟知的事物去说明或描写抽象的、生疏的事物的修辞手法，是语言信息功能和美学功能的有机结合，既能使文章浅显易懂又能美化文章的语言使枯燥无味的文字充满感情色彩，富有感染力。在《夜莺与玫瑰》中，作者王尔德运用了明喻、暗喻修辞手法。
1. 明喻（Simile）.
Simile is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between tow unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristics in common.
一直以来 明喻要求本体、喻体和比喻词都出现。通常用介词like，连词as, as if, as…so, 动词em等以及句型A…to B as C… to D等表示汉语中“好像雪莉英文”的意思。
2．暗喻（Metaphor）.
Metaphor is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. So a metaphor is called “a compresd or condend simile”.
暗喻又叫隐喻，它只出现本体和喻体，有时甚至只出现本体或喻体就可以，它直接把一种事物用在修饰另一种事物之上，没有比喻词的出现，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事物，增强语言的表现力。
在作品中，作者巧妙的运用使明喻、暗喻修辞手段，结合两者所表现出的效果，使作品内容表达更生动形象，尤其是在对色彩等抽象事物的描述，给读者的视觉感官造成强烈的刺
激，使读者在眼前产生一个个栩栩如生的画面。如：
例4. His hair is dark as the hyacinth(风信子)-- blossom, and his lips are red as the ro of his desire.
例功夫熊猫中英文字幕5．My ros ale white，as white as the foam of the a，小学英语培训心得and whiter than the snow upon the mountain．
例6．My ros are yellow．as yellow as the hair of the mermaidenxmm，and yellower than the daffodil that blooms in the meadow．
例7．My ros ale red，as led as the feet of the dove，and redder than the great fans of corm．
成人电子游戏例8．…and a delicate flush of pink came into the leaves of the ro．欧美 电影1ike the flush in the face of the bridegroom when he kisd the lips of the bride．
例9．…crimson was the girdle of petals，and crimson as ruby was the heart．
在例4—9中，关于“dark, red, white, yellow, pink, crimson”等颜色，作者王尔德就通过明喻、暗喻作了生动、具体的描述。这里，王尔德所选的喻体别具匠心：头发黑如风信子花之色，唇红如红玫瑰之色；白，则是比高山上的白雪更白像海洋里的泡沫般的白；黄inflatable, 是比草原上的向日葵更黄如孩子们喜爱的童话世界里美人鱼美丽头发般的黄；红，是比大海里的红珊瑚还红如孩子们特爱的鸽子的脚丫般的红；粉红，是有如新郎亲吻新娘时因激动而脸蛋泛红的红；深红，是犹如红宝石般神秘而高贵的红。风信子、红玫瑰、高山、草原、海洋、童话世界、新郎新娘，既美妙又新颖的比喻，既形象而又贴近生活，而且创造了如此炫丽的色彩美。既便于读者联想，增添文章的美感，又体现了王尔德的现实与幻想相结合的艺术风格。
三、重复（Repetition）.
Repetition is an important figure of speech. It usually repeats the same word,
phra, and ntence to intensify the mood, emphasize the idea, and show the strong feelings.
重复包括词的重复和句子结构的重复。运用“重复”修辞手法能够使作品更加形象生动，真实可信，更富有感染力，还加深了阅读者对作者所阐述的形象的理解。运用间隔反复，即句子结构的重复，也就是在每一事件或每一层次前重复某些句子，能够使作品层次结构鲜明，逻辑性强，不会使复杂的描写和叙述变得混杂而无序。在《夜莺与玫瑰》中，作者王尔德用了相当多的重复修辞，全文有20余处。如：
例10. “Why is he weeping?” asked a little Green Lizard, as he ran past him with
his tail in the air.
“Why, indeed?” said a Butterfly, who was fluttering about after a sunbeam.
“Why, indeed?” whispered a Daisy to his neighbour, in a soft, low voice.
chamonix例11. “Give me a red ro,” she cried, “and I will sing you my sweetest song..”
But the Tree shook its head.
“My ros are white,” it answered; “as white as the foam of the a, and
whiter than the snow upon the mountain. But go to my brother who grows round the old sun-dial, and perhaps he will give you what you want.”
So the Nightingale flew over to the Ro-tree that was growing round the
