独立主格结构和非谓语动词
游航
Teaching aims:
a)了解独立主格结构和非谓语动词的区别及联系
英语三级笔译b)掌握独立主格结构的形式和用法
c)掌握非谓语动词(to do, doing, done)的用法
Language points：
a) New Vocabulary: No formal focus
b) New Structure:
①with/ without/ like +n/pron + prep
②n + to do/ doing/ done/ adj.
Teaching Procedure:
Stage 1, 独立主格结构：
独立主格结构，顾名思义，指独立于主句之外的结构，用于修饰整个句子，相当于状语，可以用于表示时间、原因、条件，也可描述伴随的状态或起补充说明的作用，但不和主句发生句法上的联系，位置灵活（句首，句末，句中），常用逗号将其与主句隔开，主要有以下种构成：
a) prep+复合宾语，即with/ without/ like + n/pron主格+ 非谓语动词/ adj/
adv/ 介词短语(可以省略with/ without)
The cleverest houwife can’t cook a meal without rice.巧妇难为无米之炊
No smoke without fire.无风不起浪.
The teacher entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.
I can’t go out with you, with a lot of homework to do.
Xiao Li can’t pass the final exam, without you helping him.
The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.
Without a word spoken, she committed suicide.
The boy was walking, with his father ahead.
With his son so clever, the old man felt very proud of him.
b) n/ pron(主格) + doing/ to do/ done (非谓语动词)
eg: Spring coming on, the trees turned green.
It being Sunday, children had no class.
The teacher to help us, we will succeed.
All things considered, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.
六级听力mp3He sat silently, eyes clod.
c) n/ pron(主格) + adj/ adv
eg: Everything ready, they started out. (也可用Everything being ready,…) The meeting over, the students were dismisd.
Computers very small, we can u them widely.
The lights off, we could not go on with the work.
d) n/ pron(主格) + 介词短语
eg: The old man sat in the chair, book in hand and pipe in mouth.
非谓语动词：
1._______, you must be well-prepared for the interview.
A. Getting this job
B. To get this job
C. having gotten this job
D. have the job gotten服装设计师
2._______ the final exam, Mary studies day and night.
A. To pass
B. Passing
C. Pasd
D. Past
3.Their wedding, _________ next week, will be very ceremoniously, with lots of
celebrities ______ here.
A. be held, coming
B. to be held, coming
C. holding, to come
D. to be held, to come
4.“We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ______out of the window.
A. looking
B. look
C. to look
D. looked
5.The old man, ______ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his
motherland.
A. to work
B. working
C. to have worked
D. having worked
6. _______ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing
B. Not completed
C. Not having completed
D. Having not completed
7. ________ by the beauty of nature, the girl decided to stay another two days on the aside.
A. Attracting
B. Attracted
C. To be attracted
D. Having attracted
8. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.
A. Knowing
B. being known
C. known
D. to be known
9. ________with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t em big at all.
A. Compare
B. When comparing
C. Comparing
D. When compared Stage 2, 非谓语动词—不定式(to do)
动词不定式(to do)具有n, adj, adv 的特征，它在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
a) to do 作主语
eg: To ask him for help is necessary./ It is necessary to ask him for help.
It is good for us to take part in physical labour. (for sb表示动作的发出者)
It is not difficult for one to do a bit of good.
但表人品的词（kind, good, nice, right, wrong, careless, clever, thoughtful, wi, unwi, foolish, stupid, silly, polite, impolite, rude）前常用of sb.
Eg: It is kind of you to repair my bicycle.
It was stupid of her to make such a mistake.
It is wi of him to work out such a difficult question.smz
b) to do 作宾语
eg: I expect to e you as soon as possible.
He offered to help us.
总结：能直接跟不定式作宾语的动词有want, like, prefer, hate, wish, hope, expect, desire, continue, manage, try, ask, offer, start, begin, forget, remember, decide, agree, choo, learn, pretend, promi, mean等。
It 作形式宾语：
Eg: I hope you will find it interesting to study English.
We thought it better to start early.
c) to do 作表语
eg: Her wish is to become a pop singer.
d) to do 作定语(后置)
eg: A few weeks pasd, I still have five chapter to read.
There is nothing for us to think about.
The nur has five children to look after.
I u a pen to write with.
e) to do 作状语
（１）表示目的
eg: He went home to e his parents.
She us a computer to write stories.
I decided to work harder in order to/ so as to catch up with the others.
To catch the first bus, I have to get up early.
（２）表示结果
eg: She went abroad never to return.
欢迎光临的英文The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.
What have I said to make you unhappy?
So+adj+as to…/ such…as to…
He was so angry as to be unable to speak.
We are not such fools as to believe him.
Her illness is not such as to cau anxiety.
…enough (for sb) to…
This book is easy enough for me to read.
Too…to…
He is too young to join the army.
Y ou are too out to understand the generation after 90s.
Only to…
They lifted a rock only to drop in on their own feet.搬起石头砸自己的脚
英语教师
I rushed to the station only to find the train had left.
Ex: G 1, P 53, 8.
The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______the film stars had left.
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. telling
best是什么意思D. told
（３）表示原因wenchuan earthquake
Eg: I am glad to hear the news.
We are proud to be young people of the new China.
The book is difficult to read.
He is easy to get along with.
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
（Adj/ -ed 作表语，后跟不定式作状语，如happy, glad, delighted, plead, lucky, fortunate, right, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, surprid, ready, clever, foolish, hard, difficult, easy, comfortable）
eft（４）插入语，对整个句子进行解释
Eg: To tell you the truth, I forget all about it.
To be frank/ honest, I didn’t agree with you.
f) 不定式的复合结构
(1)①Ask, tell, invite, force, compel, oblige, advice, get, beg, allow, permit, want,
wish, like, hope, order, expect, prefer, hate, encourage, warn + sb +to do sth.
②allow/ forbid sb to do sth; allow/forbid doing sth.
③Call on, long for, wait for, vote for, rely on, depend on, count on, care for +sb to do
(2)Make, let, have, e, watch, hear, feel, notice, obrve, listen to, look at +sb + do sth (被动语态+ to do)
(3)Help sb to do/ do sth; can’t/couldn’t help doing sth.
(4)think, consider, believe, suppo, know, find, understand, prove, declare, take, imagine + to be+ adj. (think, consider, find后可省略to be)
Eg: I considered the work (to be) very important.
We proved the facts to be correct.
I think her rather clever.
We found the idea very good.
营业税入什么科目
(5) be said/ reported/ known, be likely/ unlikely, be certain/ sure, em, happen,
