V-ed形式的用法
过去分词作定语
I. 基本了解
1. V-ed 形式的构成
V-ed形式有规则变化和不规则变化之分。规则的V-ed形式由动词原形加词尾-ed 构成，不规则的V-ed形式情况各异。
2. V-ed 形式的意义
及物动词的V-ed形式表示被动和完成，不及物动词的V-ed形式仅表示完成。[自填助记]
a(n) cup 一个破杯子 the novel 出版了的小说
a(n) country发达国家 the leaves落叶
[Key] broken; publish ed; develop ed; fallen
II. V-ed形式作定语时的位置及意义
1. 位置
单个V-ed形式作定语时要放在被修饰的词语之前，V-ed形式短语作定语时要放在被修饰的词语之后。
[自填助记]
① He is __________________________________(一名退休工人).
② _________________________________(那个丢失的孩子) was found at last.
③ __________________________ (那个在电影院里丢失的孩子) was found at last.
④ We are going to talk about the problem __________________(上次会上讨论的).
[Key]
① a retired worker②The lost child
③ The child lost in the cinema④ discuss ed at the last meeting
2. 意义
(1) V-ed形式作定语，意义上相当于一个定语从句。
(2) 及物动词的V-ed形式和逻辑主语（即它所修饰的名词）之间是被动关系，强调动作已完成，可以替换为一个谓语动词是被动语态的定语从句。
(3) 不及物动词的V-ed形式和逻辑主语之间是主动关系（即只说明逻辑主语所
处的状态和具有的特点等），强调动作已完成，可以替换为一个谓语动词是主动语态的定语从句。
[自填助记]
① The hou, built a hundred years ago, stood still after the earthqu ake.
= The hou, _____________a hundred years ago, stood still after the earthqu ake.
② There are a lot of fallenleavesin autumn.
= There are a lot of leaves_____________ in autumn.
[Key] ① which was built② which / that have fallen
[高考链接]
1. For breakfa st he only drinksjuice from fresh fruit on his own farm. [2009年北京卷]
A. grown
B. being grown
C. to be grown
D. to grow
2. The trees in the storm have been moved off the road. [2008年湖南卷]
A. being blown down
B. blown down
C. blowing down D to blow down
s t thingson the Interne t so far this year.
3. It is one of the funnie
[2008年浙江卷]caroul
A. finding例如用英语怎么说
B. being found
C. to findget away
D. found
4. The Town Hall in the 1800’s was the most disting uished buildin g at that time. [2007年上海卷]
A. to be complet ed
B. havingbeen complet ed
C. Complet ed
D. being complet ed
5. “Thingsnever come again!” I couldn’t help talking to mylf. [2007年湖南卷]
A. lost
B. Losing
C. to lo
D. have lost
[Key] 1.A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A
过去分词作宾语补足语
内容简介：过去分词作宾补，表示被动或完成意义。过去分词与宾语之间通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
过去分词作宾补常用于以下四种情况：
一、用在感官动词s ee, watch, notice, find, obrve, catch, hear, feel
等后面作宾补。如：She saw the wounded man carried into the hospita l.
她看到那个受伤的男人被抬进了医院。
【考例点击】
In the dream Peter saw himlf by a fiercewolf, and he woke suddenl y with a start. (2006上海卷)
A. chad
B. to be chad
专业八级C. be chad
D. havingbeen chad【A】【拓展】非谓语动词用在感官动词后作宾补的区别：不定式(不带to)常表示动
作已结束，强调动作的全过程；现在分词表示正在进行的动作，强调当时的情景，为部分过程；过去分词与宾语之间为被动关系或表示动作已完成。
【考例点击】
After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice him. (2007上海春)
A. calling
B. calledapproach
C. being called
D. to call 【A】
二、用在使役动词h ave, make, get, keep, leave等后面作宾补。如：
He managed to get the task finishe d on time. 他设法按时完成了任务。【考例点击】
Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English in a short period. (2007福建卷)
A. improve d
B. Improvi ng
C. to improve
D. Improve【A】
【特别提醒】
(1) 在“have+宾语+宾补”结构中，充当宾补的有d o，doing和done。do表示主动，动作可能发生；doing表示主动，动作在持续；have sth. done请别人来做某事或遭遇到某情况。如：
g. (2008 The directo r had her assista nt some hot dogs for the meetin
全国I I卷)
A. pickedup
B. picks up
C. pick up
D. picking up 【C】
(2) 在“make+宾语+宾补”结构中用do或done而不用doing作宾补。如：
My parents have alwaysmade me about mylf,even when I was twelve. (2007江苏卷)
A. feeling well
B. feeling good
C. feel well
D. feel good【D】
(3)“keep/leave+宾语+宾补”，宾补由过去分词、现在分词等充当。
They u compute rs to keep the traffic smoothl y. (2009全国I I卷)
A. being run
B. run
C. to run
D. running【D】
zoom是什么意思三、用在order, want, wish, expect等表示“希望、要求”的动词后面作宾补。如：
【考例点击】
She wants her paintin gs in the gallery, but we don’t think they would be very
服务生的英文
popular. (2007上海春)
A. display
B. to display
C. display ing
D. display ed【D】【拓展】此类动词后跟t o do和done作宾补。to do表主动，done表被动。四、在“with复合结构”中作宾补。如：
The day ended with nothing ttled.
那一天什么也没解决就结束了。
John receive d an invitat ion to dinner,and with his work , he gladly
accepte d it.(2007安徽卷)
A. finishe d
B. finishi ng
C. havingfinishe d
D. was finishe d 【A】
【拓展】在with复合结构中，不定式表示尚未发生的动作，现在分词表示主动关
系，过去分词表示被动关系。如：
— Come on, pleagive me some ideas about the project.
— Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almostbreak down. (2007福建卷)
A. filled
B. filling
C. to fill
D. being filled【B】
过去分词作定语、表语
一、过去分词作定语：
1. The groundis covered with fallenleaves.
2. Peopletoday tend to choovegetab les grown without chemica ls.
3. The money raidat the evening will be nt to the earthq
u ake survivo rs as soon as possibl e.
通过对三个例句的观察，我们可以发现过去分词作定语的主要知识点：
(1)单个的过去分词作定语一般置于被修饰的名词之前。如：
cookedfood, boiledwater, fried eggs, a forced
过去分词短语作定语则置于被修饰的名词之后。如：
problem s left over by history, a woman dresd
(2) 及物动词的过去分词表示“被动”或“被动并结束了的动作”，如：vegetab les grown without chemica ls，a repaire d car…三年级上册英语第一单元
不及物动词的过去分词只表示“动作发生在谓语动词之前”或“动作已完成、已结束”，不表示被动。如：fallenleaves,faded flowers, the rin sun…
(3) 及物动词的过去分词可以扩展为一个谓语动词是被动语态的定语从句。如：vegetab les grown without chemica ls = vegetab les which are grown without chemica ls
不及物动词的过去分词可以扩展为一个谓语动词是主动语态的定语从句。如：fallenleaves= leavesthat have fallen
二、过去分词作表语:
1. The young NBA basketb all king James is married.
We are excited to hear the good news.
2. The windowof my room is broken.我房间的窗户是坏的。（表主语所处状态）The windowof my room is brokenby my naughty cousin.
我房间的窗户是被淘气的表弟打坏的。（表被动）
3. Don’t be so disappo inted.（表主语主观上觉得失望的心理感受）
The resultof the exam is disappo inting.（表主语客观上具有令人失望的性质特征）通过对这三组例句的观察，我们可以发现过去分词作表语的主要特征：(1) 过去分词作表语表示主语所处状态或主观心理感受，相当于形容词的作用。如例句1中的m arried (已婚的)，excited(激动的)。此类常见词还有：表状态：addicte d, broken, gone, lost, ated, absorbe d, dresd, parat ed, engaged…表主观心理感受：excited, moved, puzzled, disappo inted,
surpris ed, frighte ned…
(2) 过去分词作表语还需把握好两点，即区分表示“主语所处状态”与表示被动语态的过去分词；区分v-ed形容词表“主观心理感受”与v-ing形容词表“客观上具有……的性质特征”。
三、高考直击：
例1 The trees in the storm have been moved off the road. (2008湖南卷)
A. being blown down
B. blown down
C. blowing down
D. to blow down 解析:B。本题考查非谓语动词。根据题干中 have been moved off the road可知，树是已被吹倒的，blown down作定语表示动作已发生，且与被修饰词T he trees是被动关系。
例2 The Town Hall in the 1800’s was the most disting uished buildin g at that time.(2007上海卷)
A. to be complet ed
B. havingbeen complet ed
C. complet ed
D. being complet ed
解析: C。本题考查非谓语动词。过去分词作定语表示被动和已经完成的动作。根据时间状语in the 1800’s 可判断出要用过去分词作定语。不定式的被动式作定语表示将要被做的事。现在分词作定语表示正在被做的事。
c ed soon. 例3 Plearemain ; the winnerof the prize will be announ
(2008辽宁卷)
美国留学热门专业A. ating
B. ated
C. to at
D. to be ated
解析: B。本题考查非谓语动词。remain在此为系动词，ated相当于一个形容词，表示“坐好的”作表语。
过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语应注意以下几点。
一、过去分词与句子主语之间的关系
(1) 过去分词作状语表示被动或完成的动作。过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系。如：
Grown in rich soil, the eds can grow fast.
种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。
【高考链接1】
pit not to miss the flightat 15:20, the manager t out for the airpor
