法律英语教案
第一章 总论
法律英语
法律英语并不是一个独立的英语体系，没有自己独立的词汇系统和语法规制。但在长期使用中，法律英语在英语基本词汇系统和语法规则的基础上，有了一定的规律，如其句法结构比较固定，使用陈述句的频率较高，往往带有一定的专业术语等。
一、 法律英语的文体特点
书面法律语言具有准确性、严谨性和庄重性的特点。而这些特点是由一系列语言要素决定的。
（一） 词汇特点
1． 选词庄重、正式
具有鲜明的政策性和权威性
（1） This Law is enacted for the purpo of protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the parties to contracts, maintaining the socio-economic order and promoting the socialist modernization.(Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China: Art. 1)
比较enact与make, maintain与keep, promote与speed up的庄重程度。
（2） The World Intellectual Property Organization and the World Trade Organization, desiring to establish a mutually supportive relationship between them, and with a view to establishing appropriate arrangements for cooperation between them, agree as follows:….(Agreement Between the World Intellectual Property Organization and the World Trade Organization: Preamble)
比较desire和wish或want, with a view to 和in order to。
2． 古词、借词较多
迈克尔杰克逊英文
法律英语词汇包括了大量中古英语、拉丁语和法语词汇，主要原因是为了显示法律语言的神圣性、权威性和严密性。
（1） 古语
Legal English Daily English
Hereby by this means
Hereto to this
Hereof of or concerning this
Hereinafter after this
Thereafter after that, accordingly
Whereby through, by that
Said the, that
Aforesaid previous
sunkingViz. that is, namely
Henceforth from now on
Whilst during
（2） 借词
法律语言中拉丁语常常出现。
In personam 对人的， 属人的
In rem 对物的
Prima facie 初步的，表面的
3． 术语繁多
Plaintiff 原告
Defendant 被告
Appellant 上诉方
Appellee 被上诉方
Procutor 公诉人
Opinion 判决书
Jury 陪审团
17again4． 近义词成对使用
Rights and interests 权益
Terms and conditions 条款
Complete and final understanding 全部和最终的理解
Customs fees and duties 关税
Loss of and damage to 灭失和损坏
Null and void 无效
Sign and issue 签发
Furnish and provide 提供
Rules and regulations 规章
Last will and testament 遗嘱
As and when 当……的时候
固定使用，写作和翻译时不能随意拆开。
bestregards
5． 情态动词modal verb使用频率高high frequency
表现司法主体对司法客体的行为制约和义务规定
6． 指代明确
由于人称代词常表示作者的主观性，并且容易造成混淆，为了确切说明“谁”、“什么”的概念，法律英语中往往宁可重复使用名词也不用代词。而在法律文书中出现的“he, she, we”
等代词，往往表示泛指。律师们更是会尽量避免使用“I, me, we, us, you, your ”等第一、第二人称代词，以免给人造成主观、随意、傲慢无礼、不够专业的印象。
法律英语中常用the said或the same 加上一个名词来指代前面提到的名词，可翻译为“上述的”，“该”，有时候直接重复该名词。
It 在法律英语中除用作形式主语，形式宾语外，一般少用。
（1）The ller shall not be held responsible for any delay in delivery or nondelivery of the goods due to Force Majeure. However, the ller shall advi the buyer immediately of such occurrence and within fourteen days thereafter, shall nd by airmail to the buyer a certificate issued by the competent government authorities of the place where the accident has occurred as evidence thereof. Under such circumstances the ller, however, is sill under the obligation to take all necessary measures to hasten the delivery of the goods. In ca the accident lasts for more than 10 weeks, the buyer shall have the right to cancel this contract.
(2) If any disagreement aris, the said treaty shall be applied.
7． 名词性短语居多
用名词主语或宾语的中心词，便于使用丰富的限定和修饰成分，相比之下，动词词组无论在使用数量和结构的复杂性程度上都不及名词词组。
Nothing contained in the prent Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are esntially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require the Members to submit such matters to ttlement under the prent Charter; but this principle shall not prejudice the application of enforcement measures under Chapter VII. (UN Charter: Art. 2(7))
七、本宪章不得认为授权联合国干涉在本质上属于任何国家国内管辖之事件，且并不要求会员国将该项事件依本宪章提请解决；但此项原则不妨碍第七章内执行办法之适用。
第七章：对于和平之威胁、和平之破坏及侵略行为之应付办法
（二） 句子特点
1． 结构完整
由于法律文书结构的完整性和表意的严密性，在法律英语句子的使用中，一般采用主语、谓语都具备的完全主谓句。
“Invention” in the Patent Law means any new technical solution relating to a product, a process or an improvement thereof. “Utility Model” in the Patent Law means any new technical solution relating to the shape, the structure, or their combination, of a product, which is fit for practical u. “Design” in the Patent Law means any new design of the shape, pattern, color, or their combination, of a product, which creates an aesthetic feeling and is fit for industrial application.
2． 陈述句为基本句式
3.长句较多
法律英语的句法特点是和法律英语的文体特点密切相连的，正式的法律条文和文本中由于对某一法律概念成立的条件限定很多，从而对中心词的限定较多，所以法律英语的长句居多。
表现：
moster（1） 大学生就业培训使用主从复合句
a. 条件状语从句
Where using other’s registered trademarks has been permitted, the names of the licene and the production place of the commodity must be marked in the commodity using the registered trademark.
If a minor ratifies a contract upon reaching the age of majority, he or she is then bound to it.
Whereas you have breached the contract, we have no option but to lodge a claim on you for the loss incurred.
b. 定语从句
All facts that prove the true circumstances of a ca were evidence.
工程档案管理制度
（2） 使用综合复杂句
坚持英语Where a foreigner or enterpri applies for trademark registration in China, the matter shall be handled in accordance with any agreement concluded between the country to which the applicant belongs and the People’s Republic of China, or any international treaty to which both countries are parties, or on the basis of the principle of reciprocity.
