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Legal English
Juris Master
Chapter One Legal Words (Terminology)
Section One Characteristics
Lesson One Derivation
1. Borrowed words (外来词的借用)
French: bar-律师业；suit-诉讼；plaintiff-原告；questionnaire-调查表；
regard asLatin: In personam-对人的；In rem-对物的；status quo-现状；
2. Old English (古英语):简练、庄重
Legal English– Plain English
aforesaid—— previous forthwith —— immediately
henceforth —— from now on herein ——in this document
hereinafter ——after this thenceforth ——after
thereafter ——after that; theretofore ——up to that time
hitherto —— before viz. ——that is
whence ——from what place whereby ——through
said —— the ,that whilst —— during
3. legal Terms（法律术语）
ndo
(1)General Terms 通用术语
lawyer; contract; crime;
(2)Special Terms 特别术语
action; appeal; code;
(3)Jargon 专用术语
on the bench(担任法官职务)； take silk(担任王室法律顾问) ；
(4)Borrowed Terms借用术语
custom(关税)；documentary credit(跟单信用证)
Lesson Two Several Important Points for Translation
1、切忌望文生义
例如：ground lea与ground rent
“ground lea指the first lea on a freehold building”. 又如：Day of Judgment 或 Judgment Day. 指“世界末日”
2、相同的中文对应词，含义未必相同
free trade area与free trade zone的中文对应词都是“自由贸易区”
free trade area 指实行自由贸易的一批国家。 free trade zone 却指一个国家内免征关税的贸易区域
legacy与 devi 的中文对应词都是“遗赠”。但legacy 一般只指动产的遗赠，不包括不动产。devi 则专指不动产的遗赠。
murder；manslaughter ；homicide 这三个字，通常都可译作“杀人”
murder指“故意杀人” ; manslaughter 指“过失杀人”或“误杀” ; homicide 则泛指所有的杀人，既包括意外的过失杀人，也包括故意杀人。
3、切忌逐词翻译
power of attorney ——授权委托书 ；to file a brief——向法院提出辩护；
4、当心多义词的翻译
“attorney ” ：在美语中常指律师、代理人。如attorney of record 指记录在案的律师；attorney of the day 指值班律师；检察官。
wrong intervention 是指“不正确的干涉”，着重于not morally right (不道德的)；wrongful intervention 指的是“不合法的干涉”，着重not fair/legal (不公平、不合法的)。
Section Two Noun
Lesson One 名词选用规则(The rules)
1.抽象名词与实意名词（abstract Nouns & Concrete Nouns）:
例句：The defendant said he was armed as he accosted the victim.
accosted(用威胁性的方式靠近)
改后：Defendant Zhang admitted that he had a loaded (装有子弹的)gun as he forcefully grabbed Ms Liu’s arm and poked (推，刺，戳)her in the back.]
2.尽量多用动词，少用名词词组
例如，I am in receipt of your letter.(我收到了你的来信)，应改为I have received your letter.
又如：with the intention to –intend to; with the belief that-believe that; in reprentation of –reprent
3.集体名词（collective Nouns）
表示整体时，集体名词应作单数用，如：The jury receives instructions at the end of the trial. (陪审团在庭审结束时接受法官的指令)。
表示集体的所有组成部分或成员时，则应使用复数，如：The jury appear very nervous.(陪审团成员们显得很紧张。)
4.相同概念，相同名词
“the car ”
“the vehicle”
Lesson Two Examples
人才用英语怎么说1.China，China‘s 和 Chine作定语时大有区别
China law firms
“在中国的律师事务所”
Chine law firms
中国律师开的律师事务所
2. Attorney or lawyer or esquire(Esq.)
①一般来说，attorney 指某一特定案件中代理一方应诉的律师。
茄子的英语
例如，Attorney Schwarts moved for a new trial.(施瓦兹律师请求法院再审此案。)
（被告律师反对这个问题。）
②而lawyer是社会对律师的泛称。yifan
Several hundred lawyers attended last year’s ABA convention.
(几百名律师参加了去年全美律师协会的会议。)
③Solicitor 英国初级律师 美国法务官
④Barrister 英国大律师又称出庭律师
⑤The Bar：（法庭中的）围栏；律师界
如，be called to the Bar--取得律师资格、做律师
⑥ Esquire(Esq.)：另一个极为重要的律师称谓是Esquire(Esq.),它在律师的名片和法院的文件中被广泛采用。图书馆英语
3. Plaintiff, Defendant, Appellant or Respondent
泛指 :the plaintiff, a defendant, the appellant 或 a respondent
特指 :Plaintiff, Defendant, Appellant
4.北京农学院研究生院 woman, lady or female
our怎么读 用woman or women
Section Three Pronoun
1、-body or –one
如，anyone 比 anybody, no one 比 nobody，someone 比 somebody 等更正式。
2、that or which
That 引导限制性定语从句,而which 引导非限制性定语从句。
例句1：The taxes, which have been paid, should not appear on this statement. naples
例句2：The taxes that have been paid should not appear on this statement.
例句3：The taxes which have been paid should not appear on this statement.
3、E.G. or I.E.
e.g. =for example（例如）; i.e. =that is（也就是）
例句1：The 12(b)(6) motion succeeded, i.e., the ca was dismisd.
例句2“A contract may take many forms, e.g., a written letter or a mere oral promi.
4、It is …that, There are（is）…that
强调句型。 除了用于强调以外，应避免使用该句型。如：
1）It is important that the attorney prepares a thorough and accurate statement of fact.
2）There are no cas that address this issue directly.
Section Four Verb
Lesson One Rules动词选用规则
1、避免被动语态
1) “It was argued by the defendant that the evidence should be suppresd by the court.”改后：Defendant argued that the court should suppress the evidence.
2) “It was decided that freedom of association was not an issue.”改后“The court decided t
hat freedom of association was not an issue.
