The America Civil Rights Movement
In March, 1963, person and so on golden pastor organized the demonstration in the south racial gregation extremely rious Birmingham, the request to cancel the entire city isolation system.The demonstration populace receive the brutal suppression, but becau golden pastofs persisting is compelled with the US federal state to carry on the intervention, this city racial gregation system is completely can celled.
After Birmingham event, civil rights movement troop rapid expansion.On August 2& 1963 organized 250,000 people (1/4 for Caucasian) to march to Washington, the request employment, the request "was free immediately n. Moreover, some cities blacks also develop to the violence cope with the violence the struggle・ In 1964 forced L.B.President J oh nson has signed u Civil rights Law”. But south ZhuZhoureng ud each technique to prevent the black voter registration.Thereupon, the golden pastor and so on carries on the black voterregistration movement in the racism extremely rampant Alabama state Selma city, and braved in March, 1965 the danger which beat, kills by Selma to state capital Montgomery to march, the final attendant amounted to 150000. Condemns front the world people, the American government to in the same year in August requested Congress to pass n Voter To ascend Notation'1.
South the above two law have not been able actually completely to cancel the racial gregation and the discrimination system, but nor thin fact racial discrimination also has intensifies the potential. In March, 1968, the golden pastor organized the poor to march (called when poor person movement), way Tenne state Memphis, is gunned down by the racism member. Afterwards the black leaders initiated the national lf-determination movement, the black authority movement,the black leopard party movement as well as the black populace's spontaneous large-scale city tumult and so on, all was by in fact the different form opposition in fact racial gregation system, specially got employed the discrimination system civil rights movement continuation.
The black American civil rights movement is the modern non- violence movement model, is oppresd in the world in the social class to affect profoundly, it caus the people to e may obtain the democratic right through the legitimate mass movement the possibility,also caus the person to e the world will certainly to move towards the democratic equal the tendency
Until the nineteen sixties, black people in many parts of the United States did not have the same civil rights as white people. Laws in the American South kept the two races parate. The laws forced black people to attend parate schools, live in parate areas of a city and sit in parate areas on a bus・
On December first, nineteen hfty・five, in the southern city of Montgomery, Alabama, a forty-two year old black woman got on a city bus. The law at that time requiredswagger
black people ated in one area of the bus to give up their ats to white people who wanted them. The woman refud to do this and was arrested・
This act of peaceful disobedience started protests in Montgomery that led to legal changes in minority rights in the United States. The woman who started it was Rosa Parks. Today, we tell her story.
She was born Rosa Loui McCauley in nineteen-thirteen in Tuskegee, Alabama. She attended local schools until she was eleven years old. Then she was nt to school in Montgomery. She left high school early to care for her sick grandmother, then to care for her mother. She did not finish high school until she was twenty-one・Rosa married Raymond Parks in nineteen thirty-two. He was a barber who cut men's hair. He was also a civil rights activist. Together, they worked for the local group of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People・ In nineteen forty-three, Missus Parks became an officer in the group and later its youth leader・Rosa Parks was a amstress in Montgomery. She worked wing clothes from the nineteen thirties until nineteen fifty-five・ Then she became a reprentation of freedom for millions of AfricaAmericans.
In much of the American South in the nineteen fifties, the first rows of ats on city bus were for white people only. Black people sat in the back of the bus. Both groups could sit in a middle area. However, black people sitting in that part of the bus were expected to leave their ats if a white person wanted to sit there.
Rosa Parks and three other black people were ated in the middle area of the bus when a white person got on the bus and wanted a at. The bus driver demanded that all four black people leave their ats so the white person would not have to sit next to any of them. The three other blacks got up, but Missus Parks refud. She was arrested ・西安计算机培训学校>vest怎么读
Some popular stories about that incident include the statement that Rosa Parks refud to leave her at becau her feet were tired・ But she herlf said in later years that this was fal. What she was really tired of, she said, was accepting unequal treatment. She explained later that this emed to be the place for her to stop being pushed around and to find out what human rights she had, if any.
A group of black activist women in Montgomery was known as the Women's Political Council・ The group was working to oppo the mistreatment of black bus pasngers・Blacks had been arrested
la rochelleand even killed for violating orders from bus drivers・ Rosa Parks was not the first black person to refu to give up a at on the bus for a white person. But black groups in Montgomery considered her to be the right citizen around whom to build a protest becau she was one of the finest citizens of the city.
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The women's group immediately called for all blacks in the city to refu to ride on city bus on the day of Missus Parks's trial, Monday, December fifth. The result was that forty thousand people walked and ud other transportation on that day.祖国 我为你自豪
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That night, at meetings throughout the city, blacks in Montgomery agreed to continue to boycott the city bus until their mistreatment stopped・
They also demanded that the city hire black bus drivers and that anyone be permitted to sit in the middle of the bus and not have to get up for anyone el.
The Montgomery bus boycott continued for three hundred eighty-one days. It was led by local black leader E.D. Nixon and a young black minister, Martin Luther King, Junior. Similar protests were held in other southern cities. Finally, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled on Missus Parks's ca .It made racial paration illegal on city bus・ That decision came on November thirteenth, n
ineteen fifty-six, almost a year after Missus Parks's arrest. The boycott in Montgomery ended the day after the court order arrived, December twentieth・
Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Junior had started a movement of non・violent protest in the South・ That movement changed civil rights in the United States forever・Martin Luther King became its famous spokesman, but he did not live to e many of the results of his work. Rosa Parks did.acquainted
Life became increasingly difficult for Rosa Parks and her family after the bus boycott ・Rosa Parks and President Clinton after he prented her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1996
Rosa Parks and President Clinton after he prented her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1996
She was dismisd from her job and could not find another. So the Parks family left Montgomery. They moved first to Virginia, then to Detroit, Michigan. Missus Parks worked as a amstress until nineteen sixty-five. Then, Michigan Reprentative John Conyers gave her a job working in his congressional office in Detroit. She retired from that job in nineteen eighty-eight.
Through the years, Rosa Parks continued to work for the NAACP and appeared at civil rights events. She was a quiet woman and often emed uneasy with her fame. But she said that she wanted to help people, especially young people, to make uful lives for themlves and to help others. In nineteen eighty・ven, she founded the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self-Development to improve the lives of black children.
Rosa Parks received two of the nation's highest honors for her civil rights activism. In nineteen ninety-six, President Clinton honored her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom. And in nineteen ninety-nine, she received the Congressional Gold Medal of Honor.
In her later years, Rosa Parks was often asked how much relations between the races had improved since the civil rights laws were pasd in the nineteen sixties・ She thought there was still a long way to go. Yet she remained the face of the movement for racial equality in the United States.
Rosa Parks died on October twenty・fouilh, two thousand five・ She was ninety-two years old. Her body lay in honor in the United States Capitol building in Washington. She was the first American woman to be so honored. Thirty thousand people walked silently past her body to show their respect.
Reprentative Conyers spoke about what this woman of quiet strength meant to the nation. He said: n There are very few people who can say their actions and conduct changed the face of the nation. Rosa Parks is one of tho individuals."
Rosa Parks meant a lot to many Americans・ Four thousand people attended her funeral in
Detroit, Michigan. Among them were former President Bill Clinton, his wife Senator Hillary Rod ham Clinton, the Reverend Jes Jackson, and Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan.
President Clinton spoke about remembering the paration of the races on bus in the South when he was a boy. He said that Rosa Parks helped to t all Americans free. He said the world knows of her becau of a single act of bravery that struck a deadly blow to racial hatred.
Earlier, the religious official of the United States Senate spoke about her at a memorial rvice in Washington. He said Rosa Parks's bravery rves as an example of the power of small acts. And the Reverend Jes Jackson commented in a statement about what her small act of bravery meant for AfricaAmerican people. He said that on that bus in nineteen fifty-five, "She sat down in order that we might and she opened the doors on the long journey to freedom.
橙子的英文This program was written by Nancy Stein bach・ It was produced by La wan Davis. I'm Pat Bodnar.
And I'm Steve Ember. Join us again next week for another People in America program on the Voice of America.civil rights movement
superwearMovement for racial equality in the U.S. that, through nonviolent protest, broke the pattern of racial gregation in the South and achieved equal rights legislation for blacks.
Following the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), African American and white supporters attempted to end entrenched gregationist practices・ When Rosa Parks was an*ested in 1955 in Montgomery, Ala., an African American boycott of the bus system was led by Martin Luther King, Jr., and Ralph Abernathy. In the early 1960s the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee led boycotts and sit-ins to degregate many public facilities. Using the nonviolent methods of Mohandas K. Gandhi, the movement spread, forcing the degregation of department stores, supermarkets, libraries, and movie theatres・ The Deep South remained adamant in its opposition to most degregation measures, often violently; protesters were attacked and occasionally killed. Their efforts culminated in a march on Washington, D.C., in 1963 to support civil rights legislation. Following the assassination of John F・ Kennedy, Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson persuaded Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964, a victory that
was followed by the Voting Rights Act in 1965・ After 1965, militant groups such as the Black Panther Party split off from the civil rights movement, and riots in black ghettos and King's assassination caud many supporters to withdraw .In the succeeding decades, leaders sought power through elective office and substantive economic and educational gains through affirmative action
