汉译英在线中国科学技术大学20XX年博士研究生入学考试英语试题附答案和详解
SECTION Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 points)
(略)
SECTION Ⅱ READING COMPREHENSION (30 points)
Directions: There are 5 passages in this ction. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D．You should decide on the best choice and then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.求职意向英文
Passage One
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Questions 21 to 24 are bad on the following passage.
When, in the age of automation, man arches for a worker to do the tedious, unpleasant jobs that are impossible to mechanize, he may very profitably consider the ape.
If we tackled the problem of breeding for brains with as much as enthusiasm as we devote to breeding
dogs of surrealistic shapes, we could eventually produce assorted models of uful primates,ranging in size from the gorilla down to the baboon, each adapted to a specific kind of work. It is not putting too much strain on the imagination to assume that geneticists could produce a super-ape, able to understand some scores of words, and capable of being trained for such jobs as picking fruit, cleaning up the litter in parks, shining shoes, collecting garbage, doing houhold chores, and even baby-sitting (though I have known some babies I would not care to trust with a valuable ape).
Apes could do many jobs, such as cleaning streets and the more repetitive types of agricultural work, without supervision, though they might need protection from tho exceptional specimens of Homo sapiens who think it amusing to tea or bully anything they consider lower on the evolutionary ladder. For other tasks, such as delivering papers and laboring on the docks, our man-ape would have to work under human overers; and, incidentally, I would love to e the finale of the twenty-first century version of on the Waterfront in which the honest but hairy hero will drum on his chest after-literally taking the wicked labor leader apart.
Once a supply of nonhuman workers becomes available, a whole range of low IQ jobs could be thankfully relinquished by mankind, to its great mental and physical advantage. What is more, one of the problems which have plagued so many fictional Utopias would be avoided: There
买椟还珠翻译
would be none of the degradingly subhuman Epsilons of Huxley's Brave New World to act as a permanent reproach to society, for there is a profound moral difference between breeding sub-men and super-apes, though the end products are much the same. The first would introduce a form of slavery;the cond would be a biological triumph which could benefit both men and animals.
21．In the author's opinion, the idea that geneticists could produce a super-ape is ______.
A．irrational B．plausible
C．biologically impossible D．demonstrably true
22．The type of job an ape could do without supervision would be one which is ______.
A．repetitive B．mechanized C．unusual D．intricate
23．A problem that has plagued some fictional Utopias is ______.
A．creation of super-apes B．the necessity of breeding super-humans C．the necessity of breeding subhumans D．the degradation of beasts
24．The author of this article isteamwe taobao com
A．revealing his low opinion of mankind
B．poking fun at geneticists
C．expressing his doubts about the possibility of breeding a super-ape
D．prenting a reasonable theory in a humorous tone
越野千里 奥巴马
Passage Two
Questions 25 to 28 are bad on the following passage.
As one works with color in a practical or experimental way, one is impresd by two apparently unrelated facts. Color as en is a mobile changeable thing depending to a large extent on the relationship of the color to other colors en simultaneously. It is not fixed in its relation to the direct stimulus which creates it. On the other hand, the properties of surfaces that give ri to color do not em to change greatly under a wide variety of illumination colors, usually (but not always) looking much the same in artificial light as in daylight. Both of the effects em to be due in large part to the mechanism of color adaptation mentioned earlier.
When the eye is fixed on a colored area, there is an immediate readjustment of the nsitivity of the eye to color in and around the area viewed. This readjustment does not immediately affect the color en but usually does affect the next area to which the gaze is shifted. The longer the time of viewing, the higher the intensity, and the larger the area, the greater the effect will be in
ground zeroterms of its persistence in the succeeding viewing situation. As indicated by the work of Wright and Shouted, it appears that, at least for a first approximation, full adaptation takes place over a very brief time if the adapting source is moderately bright and the eye has been in relative darkness just previously.As the stimulus is allowed to act, however, the effect becomes more persistent in the n that it takes the eye longer to regain its nsitivity to lower intensities. The net result is that, if the eye is so expod and then the gaze is transferred to an area of lower intensity, the loss of nsitivity produced by the first area will still be prent and appear as an “afterimage” superimpod on the cond.The effect not only is prent over the actual area causing the “local adaptation” but also spreads with d ecreasing strength to adjoining areas of the eye to produce “lateral adaptation”. Also, becau of the persistence of the effect of the eye is shifted around from one object to another, all of which are at similar brightness or have similar colors,the adaptation will tend to become uniform over the whole eye.
25．This lection is primarily concerned with ______.
A．the eye's adaptation to color B．the properties of colored surfaces
C．the color of colors D．the effect of changes in color intensity 26．Whether a colored object would, on two viewings parated in time, appear to the viewer as similar or different in color would depend mostly on ______.
A．the color mechanism of the eye in u at the time of each viewing
B．whether the object was en in artificial or natural light
C．what kind of viewing had immediately preceded each of the viewings
D．the individual's power of lateral adaptation
27．If a person's eye has been looking at an object in bright sunlight for some time, and then shifts to an object not well lit, we can expect ______.
A．a time lag in the focusing ability of the eye
B．some inability to e colors of the latter-named objects until loss of nsitivity has been regained
C．the immediate loss of the “afterimage” of the fir st object
D．the adaptation in the central area of the eye but little adaptation in the lateral areas to the new intensity level
28．The prent lection has apparently been preceded by some explanation of ______.
A．some experiments with color pigments
B．the nature of color
C．the color properties of various surfaces
D．the mechanism of the eye's adaptation to color
Passage Three
Questions 29 to 32 are bad on the following passage.
The Greek's lofty attitude toward scientific rearch—and the scientists' contempt of utility —was a long time dying. For a millennium after Archimedes, this paration of mechanics from geometry inhibited fundamental technological progress and in some areas represd it altogether.But there was a still greater obstacle to change until the very end of the middle ages: the organization of society. The social system of fixed class relationships that prevailed through the Middle Ages (and in some areas much longer) itlf hampered improvement.Under this system, the laboring mass, in exchange for the bare necessities of life, did all the productive work, while the privileged few—priests, nobles, and kings—concerned themlves only with ownership and maintenance of their own position.In the interest of their privileges they did achieve considerable progress in defen, in war making, in government, in trade, in the arts of leisure, and in the extraction of labor from their dependents, but they had no familiarity with the process of production.On the other hand, the laborers, who were familiar with manufacturing techniques, had no incentive to improve or increa production to the advantage of their masters. Thus, with one class posssing the requisite knowledge and experience, but lacking incentive and leisure, and the other class lacking the knowledge and experience, there was no means by which technical progress could be achieved.
The whole ancient word was built upon this relationship— a relationship as sterile as it was inhuman.
The availability of slaves nullified the need for more efficient machinery. In many of the commonplace fields of human endeavor, actual stagnation prevailed for thousands of years. Not all the glory that was Greece and the grandeur that was Rome could develop the windmill or contrive so simple an instrument as the wheelbarrow—products of the tenth and thirteenth centuries respectively.
吸血鬼日记第三季11For about twenty-five centuries, two-thirds of the power of the hor was lost becau he wasn't shod, and much of the strength of the ox was wasted becau his harness wasn't modified to
fit his shoulders. For more than rive thousand years, sailors were confined to rivers and coasts by a primitive steering mechanism which required remarkably little alteration (in the thirteenth century)to become a rudder.
With any ingenuity at all, the ancient plough could have been put on wheels and the ploughshare shaped to bite and turn the sod instead of merely scratching it—but the ingenuity wasn't forthcoming. And the villager of the Middle Ages, like the men who first had fire, had a smoke hole in the center of the straw and reed thatched roof of his' one-room dwelling (which he shared with his animals), while the medieval charcoal burner (like his Stone Age ancestor) made himlf a hut of small branches.
exclusive
29．Lack of technological progress in the ancient and medieval worlds was primarily due to the abnce of ______.
2012中考英语A．natural resources
B．inventive ability
C．people's desire for the “better things of life”
D．proper social organization
30．During the Middle Ages, productivity of labor ______.
A．was a primary concern of society
B．was hampered by class relationships
C．began to improve over levels reached by the Greeks
D．was in a period of technical progress
31．We may infer that a change in class relationships after the clo of the Middle Ages produced greater productivity becau ______.
A．freemen had incentive to produce more
B．masters had greater incentive to work their workers harder
C．slaves never starved, no matter what they produced
D．productivity could go in only one direction
32．In supporting his contentions about the ancient world, the author relies mainly on illustrations drawn from ______.
A．examples of the paration of mechanics and geometry
B．ca studies of lack of social communication between class
