第七讲平行结构
PART I 方法论
平行结构规则：平行结构指相同的语法结构并列使用，它要求词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子一一对应的使用于并列词的前后，在同学们掌握平行结构的同时，它的省略规则也是不容忽视的一个重要考点。这类题有时可根据标志词迅速找到考点，直接选出正确选项，有时需要结合句意判断平行的分别是哪些成分，再做出选择。
考点分类：单词短语平行、句子平行、比较结构、平行省略
标志词: and, but, as well as, or, or el, both … and, neither … nor, either … or, not only … but (also), rather than, 需要注意，as…as, than这种表比较的连接词也需要连接两个对等的词和对等的结构。
需要注意的是当and或or并列了两个词、短语或句子时要写成A and B , 如果出现三者或三者以上的并列，需要写成A，B，and C 或者A，B，C，D，……，and Z 。
1. 单词、短语平行
a. 名词平行：
例如：Perhaps no other individual has done more to bring traditional African stories and songs to life.句中stories与songs是平行关系，需要同样形式。
ACT-English考题形式见例题：
例题：In the letter, Banneker accud Jefferson of criminally using fraud and violence to oppress his slaves.
vegetable怎么读A．N O CHANGE
B．b eing violent
C．v iolent
osmondD．violence,
b. 动词平行
例如：
Her brother Austin attended law school and became an attorney. 句中attended与became平行，需要同样形式（时态一致，主被动一致）。
ACT-English考题形式见例题：sarsaparilla
例题：The prevention program address young people’s status-related concerns around drinking
and teaches them how to be socially integrated while also adopting responsible drinking practices.
A.NO CHANGE
C.taught
c. 动名词平行
例如：
Dickinson asmbled the booklets by folding and wing five or six sheets of stationery paper. 句中folding与wing是平行结构，需要同样形式。
ACT-English考题形式见例题：
例题：His first novel was The Goophered Grapevine, and ud folklore and dialect to bring his characters to life and dealing with the issues of racism, prejudice and slavery.
A. NO CHANGE
B. ud
C. using
D. DELETE the underlined portion
d. 动词不定式平行
along
例如：
He went to the city as well as to the countryside.句中as well as 连接平行结构，故前后形式应该一致。
ACT-English考题形式见例题：
例题：It is also important to go back over your notes and to making sure that you think about the information again after being expod to it the first time.
A.NO CHANGE
< make sure
C.made sure
D.making sure
e. 分词平行结构
例如：
Knowing the dia and hoping for effective treatment, Maria decided to e a specialist.句中understanding与hoping共同作句子的状语，and前后形式一致。
ACT-English考题形式见例题：
例题：In 1979, as a curious and hard-working graduate student at the University of Montana, Diane Boyd began tracking a wolf that had been trapped and radio-collar earlier in the year.
A.NO CHANGE
B.radio-collared
C.radio-collaring
D.was radio-collared
grade怎么读
f. 形容词、副词平行结构
例如：
She is not only beautiful but also clever.句中not only…but also…连接平行结构，故形式一致。ACT-English考题形式见例题：
例题：Rearchers found that participants who began chronic marijuana u in adolescence showed significant cognitive and with intellectual declines by age 38.
A.NO CHANGE
B.intellectually
swap是什么意思C.being intellectual
D.intellectual
答案：D
g.介词短语平行结构
例如：
He is interested in both science and music. 句中both…and…连接平行结构，故需要同样的名词。
注意：
该句正确形式可以是
He is interested in both science and music.
He is interested both in science and in music.
但不能是
误：He is interested in both science and in music.
误：He is interested both in science and music.
ACT-English考题形式见例题：
例题：You were so fully convinced of the benevolence of the Father of Mankind and of his equal and impartial distribution of the rights and privilege
A.NO CHANGE
新目标英语八年级上
B.and of his equal and of impartial distribution
C.and as his equal and impartial distribution
D.and with his equal and impartial distribution
香港小黄鸭
1.句子结构平行
a. 从句平行
who例如：
Richard Axel and Linda B. Buck's rearch has demonstrated how receptors in the no detect odor and how receptor cells nd information to the brain and how the brain
recognizes particular odors.句中how receptors in the no detect odor与how the brain recognizes particular odors在and前后，故形式一致。
ACT-English考题形式见例题：
例题：A father who spends time with his son and who thoughtfully answering his son's questions will be respected and loved．
A．NO CHANGE
B. and who thoughtfully answers
C. and who thoughtfully answered
D. and who would thoughtfully answer
b. 整句平行
该现象是由几个独立句子并列而成
例如：
西南科技大学怎么样More than three million people live in inner London, and nearly five million people live in the surrounding suburban area. 句中and前后形式一致。
ACT-English考题形式见例题：
例题：The Everglades evaporate, the moisture goes up into the clouds, the clouds blown to the north, and the rain comes down over the Kissimmee River and Lake Okeechobee.
A.NO CHANGE
B.the clouds being blown to the north,
C.the clouds are blown to the north,
D.the clouds were blown to the north,
答案：C
2. 平行结构之比较的问题
当句中含有as…as结构，more…than结构，或like, unlike等表达比较意义的结构时，即考查
