美国文学
Chapter 1 Colonial Period
I. Background: Puritanism
1. features of Puritanism
(1) Predestination: God decided everything before things occurred.
(2) Original sin: Human beings were born to be evil, and this original sin can be pasd down from generation to generation.
(3) Total depravity
(4) Limited atonement: Only the “elect” can be saved.
2. Influenceoneandonly
(1) A group of good qualities – hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety (rious and thoughtful) influ
enced American literature.
(2) It led to the everlasting myth. All literature is bad on a myth – garden of Eden.
(3) Symbolism: the American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chiefly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American.
(4) With regard to their writing, the style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible.
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II. Overview of the literature
1. types of writing
diaries, histories, journals, letters, travel books, autobiographies/biographies, rmons
2. writers of colonial period
Anne Bradstreet/ Edward Taylor/ Roger Williams/ John Woolman/ Thomas Paine/ Philip Freneau
III. Jonathan Edwards
1. works
(1) The Freedom of the Will
(2) nmkThe Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended
(3) The Nature of True Virtue
2. compromisideas – pioneer of transcendentalism
(1) The spirit of revivalism
(2) Regeneration of man
(3) 文化参赞God’s prence
(4) Puritan idealism
IV. Benjamin Franklin
1. works
ultimate是什么意思(1) Poor Richard’s Almanac <穷查理的历书>
(2) Autobiography
2. contribution
(1) He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American Philosophical Society.
(2) He was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire (electricity in this ca) from heaven”.
(3) Everything ems to meet in this one man – “Jack of all trades”. Herman Melville thus described him “master of each and mastered by none”.
Chapter 2 American Romanticism
Section 1 Early Romantic Period
What is Romanticism?
● An approach from ancient Greek: Plato
● A literary trend: 18c in Britain (1798~1832)
● Schlegel Bros.
I. Preview: Characteristics of romanticism
1. subjectivity 主观性
(1) feeling and emotions, finding truth
(2) emphasis on imagination
(3) emphasis on individualism – personal freedom, no hero worship, natural goodness of human beings
2. back to medieval, esp medieval folk literature
(1) unrestrained by classical rules
(2) full of imagination
(3) colloquial language
(4) freedom of imagination
(5) genuine in feelings: answer their call for classics
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3. back to nature
nature is “breathing living thing” (Rousau)
II. American Romanticism
1. Background
(1) Political background and economic development
(2) Romantic movement in European countries Derivative – foreign influence
2. features
(1) American romanticism was in esnce the expression of “a real new experience and contained “an alien quality” for the simple reason that “the spirit of the place” was radically new and alien.
(2) There is American Puritanism as a cultural heritage to consider. American romantic authors tended more to moralize. Many American romantic writings intended to edify more than they entertained.
(3) The “newness” of Americans as a nation is in connection with American Romanticism.
(4) As a logical result of the foreign and native factors at work, American romanticism was
both imitative and independent.
III. Washington Irving
1. veral names attached to Irving
(1) first American writer
(2) the mesnger nt from the new world to the old world
(3) father of American literature
2. works
(1) A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty
(2) The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (He won a measure of international recognition with the publication of this.)
(3) The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus
(4) zigbee是什么A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada
(5) The Alhambra
3. style – beautiful
(1) gentility, urbanity, pleasantness
(2) avoiding moralizing – amusing and entertaining
(3) enveloping stories in an atmosphere
(4) vivid and true characters
(5) humour – smiling while reading
(6) musical language母亲节用英语怎么说
IV. James Fenimore Cooper
1. works
(1) Precaution (1820, his first novel, imitating Austen’s Pride and Prejudice)
(2) The Spy (his cond novel and great success)
(3) Leatherstocking Tales (his masterpiece, a ries of five novels)
The Deerslayer, The Last of the Mohicans, The Pathfinder, The Pioneer, The Prairie
2. point of view
the theme of wilderness vs. civilization, freedom vs. law, order vs. change, aristocrat vs. democrat, natural rights vs. legal rights
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3. style
(1) highly imaginative
(2) good at inventing tales
(3) good at landscape description
(4) conrvative
(5) characterization wooden and lacking in probability
