高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解中的猜测词义类题可以分为两种类型，一种是推测某个生词的具体含义，是生词含义题；另一种是推测某个代词或词组在文中的指代意义，是代词指称题。这两种情况在解题方法上还是有一定的相似性和规律性的。下面是我们遇到猜测词义题时一般的解题步骤。
对于考察某个单词或短语或句子实际含义的题，首先要着眼单词或短语本身，分析单词或短语的构成，分析其构词法，词根词缀，派生关系等信息，推测它的大概含义。对于猜测句子的含义，有时可以直接分析句子结构推测它的意义。
日语在线翻译网站有些单词我们虽然不认识它的具体含义，但是他们往往含有一些表示具体意义的词缀，特别是前缀能够帮助我们猜测这个词的一部分含义，而后缀通常能够帮助我们理解词的派生关系。高考英语中常见的前缀总结如下：
congratulation是什么意思
前缀 | 含义 | 猎豹属 例子 |
srcpananti- | 反对，排斥 | anti-war |
ex- | 之前的 | ex-wife, ex-president |
ex- | 外面的 | external, export |
mis- | 差的，坏的 | 2011年河北高考分数线misunderstand, mislead |
over- | 太多，过于 | oversleep, overeat |
re- | 重复，回复 | repeat, return, rewrite |
under- | 不足，不够 | underestimate, undercooked |
sub- | 下面的 | subway |
in-,un-,dis- | 不，没有 | incorrect, disagree, unlike | 营业费用包括哪些
| | |
根据构词法
北京翻译
阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。《教学大纲》已经明确地将构词法列在语法附表中，因此利用所学构词法生成的词不应被认定为生词。
1. Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of the snakes would need at least 80 ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.
分析：anti-poison是由poison加前缀anti-构成的，anti-意思是“反对、排斥、抵抗 ”，由此可猜出anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。
2. Although simplified Chine characters were accepted for u many years ago, it ems that more and more people like Chine characters in the complex form.
分析：simplified跟simple是同根词，带有-ed显然是过去分词形式的形容词。许多年以前我们采用了什么跟“简单”有关的汉字呢？不难想到是“简化的”汉字。
利用上下文语境线索
任何一篇文中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。例如：
1. Charlotte’s tale was inspired by the girls’ coin collection. “We’ve collected foreign coins for years-since our families went on holiday to Tenerife,” she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put petas in.”
The underlined wore “petas” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _______.
A. story B. collection C. inspiration D. foreign coin英语口语学习方法
藏文翻译器
分析：本题正确答案为D。由原文中的Euro（欧元，欧洲统一货币）可推知该词是一种在欧元发行前使用的钱币。
2. In 1963 a schoolboy called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library came across the world’s greatest mathematical 17th century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advan
ce in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.
Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is ud in the text?
regretA. To encourage people to rai questions.
B. To cau difficulty in understanding.
C. To provide a person with an explanation.
D. To limit people’s imagination.
分析：本题正确答案为B。 从短文中对Fermat’s Last Theorem一书的介绍中有the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds一句，句中两个并列的谓语动词baffled 和beaten ,意义相同，加强语气，从beat的本意就可以猜测出baffled 为“使（某人）困惑，难倒”。
3. Today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness, Houng’s deeds remind us of what we usually neglect: love and care for others. Without the, none of us could survive. Houng turned down donations from others. He said he felt encouraged by kind offers, but he could depend on his own work.
42. The underlined word “donation” in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.
A. invitation to give a speech B. something, especially given to help others
C. questions asked by interviewers D. chances to be a hero
分析：由本段可以看出：洪家里很穷，但他拒绝别人对他的“donation”，他说他很感谢人们好心的馈赠，但他能够靠打工的钱来养活自己和妹妹，由此可以判断出donation和后文的offer，是近义词，也是馈赠之意。因此选B。
利用定义和解释性线索
阅读文中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解
释方明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean, in other words等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括弧来表示。留心阅读就可以断定它们的意思。例如：
1. The elder learn to master the Internet and to overcome what Lansdale calls the maladies of the institutionalized: loneliness, helplessness, boredom, and lo of memory.
分析：根据句意，maladies of the institutionalized应和后面的解释意思相同，综合后面的内容可得知其意为：“（老年）综合症”。
2. Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies (军用物资),while others carried only pasngers.
分析：such as 后所列举物品均属“货物”，由此推断cargo的意思与之相同，和后句中的pasngers形成对比。
3. Scientists grow large quantities of common mould (霉菌)so that they can get penicillin (青霉素)from it in order to make antibiotics, that is , substances that kill germs.
分析：从that is 后的解释可看出antibiotics 是一种能杀死细菌的物质（抗生素）。
4. Marine biology, the study of oceanic plants and animals and their relation, has furthered the efficient development of fisheries.
分析：从marine biology 后的同位语可知，marine biology是一门研究海洋动植物及其关系的学科。
