Nathanial Hawthorne/Herman Melville/Edgar Allan Poe/Walt Whitman
Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)
1. Works
a) Twice-Told Tales 1837 《重述故事》
b) Moss from an Old Man 1843 《古宅青苔》
c) The Scarlet Letter 1850 《红字》
d) The Hou of the Seven Gables 1851 《七个尖角阁的房子》
e）The Blithedale Romance 1852 《福谷传奇》
f) The Marble Faun 1860 《大理石雕像》
g) “Young Goodman Brown” 《好小伙布朗》
h) “The Minister’s Black Veil” 《教长的黑面纱》
i) “Dr. Rappacini’s Daughter” 《拉普奇尼博士的女儿》
2. Lifetweak
Like James Fenimore Cooper, Hawthorne was extremely concerned with conventionality; his first pudonymously published short stories imitated Sir Walter Scott, as did his 1828 lf-published Fanshawe.
His later works show some Transcendentalist influence, including a belief in individual choice and conquence, and an emphasis on symbolism. As America's first true psychological novel, The Scarlet Letter would convey the ideals; contrasting puritan morality with passion and individualism.
⏹ The Scarlet Letter reprents the height of Hawthorne's literary genius; den with ter descriptions. It remains relevant for its philosophical and psychological depth, and continues to be read as a classic tale on a universal theme.
3. Reasons for Hawthorne's Current Popularity
⏹ One of the most modern of writers, Hawthorne is relevant in theme and attitude. According to H. H. Waggoner, Hawthorne's attitudes u irony, ambiguity, and paradox.
⏹ Hawthorne rounds off the puritan cycle in American writing - belief in the existence of an active evil (the devil) and in a n of determinism (the concept of predestination).
⏹ Hawthorne's u of psychological analysis (pre-Freudian) is of interest today.
单词造句
⏹ In themes and style, Hawthorne's writings look ahead to Henry James, William Faulkner, and Robert Penn Warren
4. Influences on Hawthorne
瓦莱黑鼻羊⏹ Salem - early childhood, later work at the Custom Hou.
⏹ Puritan family background - one of his forefathers was Judge Hawthorne, who presided over the Salem witchcraft trials, 1692.
⏹ Belief in the existence of the devil.
⏹ Belief in determinism.
5. amwMajor Themes in Hawthorne's Fiction
⏹ Alienation - a character is in a state of isolation becau of lf-cau, or societal cau, or a combination of both.
⏹ at my most beautifulInitiation - involves the attempts of an alienated character to get rid of his isolated condition.
global forest watch⏹ Problem of Guilt -a character's n of guilt forced by the puritanical heritage or by society; also guilt vs. innocence.
⏹ Pride - Hawthorne treats pride as evil. He illustrates the following aspects of pride in various characters: physical pride (Robin), spiritual pride (Goodman Brown, Ethan Brand), and intellectual pride (Rappaccini).
⏹ Puritan New England - ud as a background and tting in many tales.
⏹ Italian background - especially in The Marble Faun.
⏹ Allegory - Hawthorne's writing is allegorical, didactic and moralistic.
⏹ Other themes include individual vs. society, lf-fulfillment vs. accommodation or frustration, hypocrisy vs. integrity, love vs. hate, exploitation vs. hurting, and fate vs. free will.
6. Hawthorne as a Literary Artist 新东方场站
⏹ First professional writer - college educated, familiar with the great European writers, and influenced by puritan writers like Cotton Mather.
⏹ Hawthorne displayed a love for allegory and symbol. He dealt with tensions involving: light versus dark; warmth versus cold; faith versus doubt; heart versus mind; internal versus external worlds.
⏹ His writing is reprentative of 19th century, and, thus, in the mainstream due to his
u of nature, its primitiveness, and as a source of inspiration; also in his u of the exotic, the gothic, and the antiquarian.
7. Features of his works
Settings -> Puritan New England
Themes -> Evil & sin
Idea ->“black vision” toward human beings
Feature -> Ambiguity
Technique -> symbolism
8. The Scarlet Letter
⏹ Hester sin
⏹ Chillingwhoth evil
⏹ Dimmesdale sin
⏹ Pearl
2010专八真题 -> Adultery/Ability/Angel
Herman Melville （1819-1891)
and
Moby Dick
Works
1. Redburn 1849
2. Typee 1846
3. Omoo 1874
birthplace4. Moby Dick 1851
5. Mardi 1849
6. White Jacket 1850
cougar
7. Pierre 1852
8. Billy Budd 1924
Life
In 1839, Melville began his affair with a when he joined the crew of the St. Lawrence and t sail for Liverpool England.
In 1840, Melville t sail aboard the Acushnet, a whaling ship headed for the South Pacific. The rough conditions of the a toughened the romantic New Englander and he took such a liking to a life that he sailed around the globe four years aboard various ships.
