2017年英语双学位 《美国文学史及选读》期末考试题型及复习要点
期末考试题型及分值：
1．作家、作品配对题（10*1分 = 10分）
2．作品选读题（填空题、简答题5*5分 = 25分）
3. 文学术语、文学人物解释题（4*5分 = 20分）
4. 论述题（3*15分 = 45分）
● 认真阅读教材的中文版的《序言》
● 熟悉教材中以下复习要点中各位作家的选文
Benjamin Franklin:
• Remember Benjamin Franklin as inventor, statesman and writer.
• Remember him as ‘father of the United States’.
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• Writing features The Autobiography: It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision. The narrative is lucid, the structure is simple, the imagery is homely.
• 本杰明·富兰克林：
• 本杰明·富兰克林是发明家、政治家和作家。
• 他是“美国之父”。
• 写作特点 自传：这是清教徒的简单、直接和简洁的方式。叙事清晰，结构简单，意象朴实。
Edgar Allan Poe
中华马鲛
● Remember Poe as father of modern short story and father of detective story.
● Remember his important works.
● Remember his critical works: The Poetic Principle and The Philosophy of Composition.在线英文字典
monstar什么意思● Be able to list some of his famous short stories and some of his famous poems such as The Raven, Annabel Lee, To Helen.
• Tell the story The Cask of Amontillado in your own words.
What is the theme of this short story?
Be familiar with his poem To Helen.
埃德加爱伦坡
Poe是现代短篇小说之父和侦探小说之父。
他的重要著作。
他的批评作品：诗歌原则和写作哲学。
能够列出一些他著名的短篇小说和一些著名的诗歌，如《乌鸦》、《Annabel Lee零基础学英语音标》、《海伦》等。
•讲述一桶白葡萄酒用你自己的话。
这个短篇小说的主题是什么？
对海伦熟悉他的诗。
Ralph Waldo Emerson
¡ Know something about transcendentalism. Remember Emerson as the leader of this philosophy: Transcendentalism refers to a kind of attitude that believes in the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the ns. Major concepts
¡ 1) Power of intuition.
¡ 2) Spirit first, matter cond.
¡ 3) Nature as symbolic of spirit or God.
¡ 4) Individual as the most important element in society/ lf-reliant
¡ 5) Religion as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal “oversoul”
¡ 6) Commerce as degrading/ pay less attention to the material world
¡ The “over-soul” as called by Emerson was an all-pervading unitary spiritual power of goodness, omniprent and omnipotent, from which all things came and of which everyone was a part. Generally, the over-soul referred to spirit of God as the most important thing in the univer.
¡ 欧洲债务危机Emerson’s Nature is called ‘manifesto of transcendentalism’.
¡ The American Scholar (1837) is regarded as “America’s Second Declaration of Independence / Declaration of Intellectual (Cultural) Independence”
¡ Be familiar with the essay ‘Self-reliance’.
¡ 拉尔夫瓦尔多爱默生
living in a big city
¡ ¡知道一些关于超验主义。记得爱默生作为这一哲学的领袖：超验主义指的是一种态度，相信人的直觉认识真理的能力的识别，或实现知识超越感官。主要概念
¡ ¡1）直觉的力量。
¡ 2）¡精神第一，物质二。
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¡ enormous¡3）自然象征精神或上帝。
¡ ¡4）个体在社会/自立的最重要的元素
¡ ¡5）宗教作为一种情感交流个人灵魂和宇宙的“超灵”
¡ 6）商务¡降级/较少关注物质世界
¡ ¡“结束”艾默生称作是一种无孔不入的整体精神力量的善良的灵魂，无所不在，无所不能，这一切来的都是一部分。一般来说，过度的灵魂提到上帝的灵魂是宇宙中最重要的东西。
¡ ¡爱默生的自然是被称为“超验主义”宣言。
¡ ¡美国学者（1837）被誉为“美国的第二次申报知识/独立宣言（文化）独立”
¡ ¡熟悉文章“自力更生”。
Henry David Thoreau
⏹ Remember Thoreau’ masterpiece.
⏹ Tell the main contents of Walden in your own words.
⏹ 亨利戴维梭罗
⏹ 记得梭罗的杰作。
⏹ 告诉瓦尔登湖的主要内容用自己的话。
Nathaniel Hawthorne
⏹ usssIntroduce The Scarlet Letter in your own words.
⏹ The influence of Puritanism on The Scarlet Letter.
⏹ Analyze the main characters.
⏹ Tell the symbolic meanings of the letter ‘A’.
⏹ List Hawthorne’s major works.
⏹ 纳撒尼尔霍桑
⏹ 介绍红字用你自己的话。
⏹ 清教对红字的影响。
⏹ 分析主要人物。
⏹ 告诉字母A的象征意义”。
⏹ 霍桑主要作品列表。
Herman Melville
⏹ Be able to list Melville’s major works.
⏹ Be able to retell the story of Moby Dick in your own words.
⏹ Be able to analyze the character Captain Ahab.
⏹ Be able to tell the symbolic meanings of Moby Dick, the ship Pequod and the coffin: the White Whale can be read as an allegorical reprentation of an unknowable God or the mysterious force of nature; the Pequod is a symbol of doom/death; Queequeg's coffin alternately symbolizes life and death.
⏹ The influence of Puritanism on Moby Dick.
⏹ 赫尔曼梅尔维尔
⏹ 可以列出Melville的主要作品。
⏹ 能用自己的话复述Moby Dick的故事。
⏹ 能够分析人物Ahab船长。
⏹ 能够告诉Moby Dick的象征意义，船」和棺材：白鲸可以解读为一个不可知的上帝或大自然的神秘力量的一种象征；」是厄运和死亡的象征；Queequeg的灵柩交替象征着生命和死亡。
⏹ 清教思想对Moby Dick的影响。
Walt Whitman
• Remember Whitman’s most important work.
• What is free ver? A kind of poetry that does not conform to any regular metre: the length of its lines is irregular, as is its u of rhyme—if any. Instead of regular metrical pattern it us more flexible cadences or rhythmic groupings, sometimes supported by anaphora and other devices of repetition. Now the most widely practiced ver form in English, it has precedents in translations of the biblical Psalms and in some poems of Blake and Goethe, but established itlf only in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with Walt Whitman.
