前言：How do we appreciate literature?
3.1. Analytical approach
The main concern of this approach is the basic elements of literary forms, such as a story, a poem, a play, or an essay.
• For example, the basic elements of fiction compri plot, character, tting, point of view, theme, symbol, allegory, style, and tone.
• handoff As for poetry, it also contains the critical terms of basic elements: meter, rhyme, stanza and etc.
• The basic elements in a drama include dialogue, story, character, and action. All the elements in a literary work relate to each other and integrate into a whole.
3.2. Thematic approach
It is mainly concerned with the ideas and the themes of a literary writing. We u thi
隐晦是什么意思s approach to dig out what is reprented about life and society in a literary work, such as the meaning of existence, the nature of humanity, the reality of love, death, society, individual, and so on.
3.3. Historical approach
Every literary work bears the unmistakable imprint of the period and culture in which it is written. Furthermore, we will be aware that in every historical period there is a dominant literary school or trend that influences the author’s outlook on life and society, his writing style and techniques.
第一章
Early And Medieval English Literature
Celts Roman The Anglo-Saxon The Norman 14th C末
cheongsam(Native) Conquest Conquest Conquest 15th C初
___________*___________*___________________*_____________________*______1485
55 B.C. 450 A.D 1066 1350 decline
Britons, a tribe of Celts 布里吞人
Britain: the land of Britons
Julius Cesar 凯撒 Christianity was brought to Britain.
（410 A.D, Roman troops left.）
Angles, Saxons and Jutes Beowulf, national epic 贝武尔夫
leicester Feudal society
French (official) Latin (religious) English (ordinary men)
William Langland, Piers the Plowman 农夫皮尔斯 / The robin hood ballads
Describe and make a comment on Beowulf.
• Beowulf
• japane school3182 lines
• Epic: an extended narrative poem in dignified language. It usually sings highly of one or more heroes who fates are cloly connected with the country’s.
• Alliteration 头韵
Clean and clear/ 可伶可丽
• Metaphor
• Understatement (P5)
• 2003 Xiamen University’s paper for postgraduate entrance examination:
Chaucer
• Three periods
1. France: a translation work:
“The Romaunt of the Ro” 玫瑰传奇
2. Italy: adaptation 改编
“Troilus and Criyde” 特罗伊勒斯与克莱西德
3. England:
The Cantebury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集
• “the founder of English realism”
• “father of English poetry”
• Great achievement:
P29: He introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter (heroic couplet英雄双韵体)
the rhymed couplet of 5 accents (pentameter) in iambic meter
第二章
The English Renaissance
1337-1453 Hundred Years’ War with France
The Wars of the Ros (1455-1485):
Hou of Lancaster (red) & Hou of York (white)
Henry 7 (1485-1509) started Tudor dynasty
Reprentatives
• Sir Thomas Wyatt
(1st introduced sonnet to English literature)
• Surrey (wrote the first English blank ver)
lupoEdmund Spencer
• “Poet’s poet”
• “The Faerie Queene” (Elizabeth 1)
12 books, but only finished 6
allegory: The knights as a whole symbolize England, and the evil figures stand for her enemies.
console• Spenrian Stanza:
eight iambic pentameter lines followed by a ninth line of six iambic feet (hexameter), with the rhyme scheme ababbcbcc
Francis Bacon
• The founder of English materialist philosophy
breakfast是什么意思• The founder of modern science in England.
• The first English essayist
• 1. The highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its __ drama____.
• 2. The “miracles” were simple plays bad on _Bible_____stories.
• Choo the right answer.
• 3. The Miracle plays were at first performed in the ___A__.
• A. churches B. market place underdog
暴发户 英文• C. wagon D. theatre
• True or Fal
• 4. The Miracle plays were not forbidden to perform in churches after the actors introduced cular and even comical elements into the performance. F
• 5. There are significant touches of ___real__ life in the play titled The Shepherds.
1,Morality plays appeared after__A___.
A. miracle plays
B. mystery plays
C. interlude
D. Classical plays
2. A morality play prented the conflict
