before 在英语中是一个比较常用的虚词，它既可作介词或副词用，也可作附属连词用。在近几年的高测验题中通常出现考察其附属连词用法的标题。下面就把 before 作附属连词的用法归纳如下： 1. 表现“在……之前就……”。比方：
Mary had finished her homework before her mother returned.
在她妈妈返来之前玛丽就已经完成了作业。
2. 表现“过了多久后才……；举动举行到什么程度才……”。比方：
The man almost knocked me down before he saw me.
那个男子差点把我撞倒才望见我。
They walked about 30 miles to the west before they saw a village.
他们西行了大略 30 英里才望见一个墟落。
They worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal.
他们昼夜劳动了大略三天，一概才收复平常。
3. 表现“来不足；尚未……就……”。比方：
Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.
我还没来得及插话，他就已经给我量好了尺寸。
He ran off before I could stop him.
darius 我还没来得及禁止他，他就已经跑了。
She left the company before I could have a word with her.
我还没来得及和她打声招呼，她就已经脱离了。
4. 表现“刚……就……”。比方：
I had hardly sat down before the bell rang.
我刚坐下铃就响了。
5. 表现“无声无息就……新加坡楷博高等教育学院；还没弄清就……”。比方：
Time pasd quickly and three months went by before Aqiao knew it.
时间过得很快，无声无息阿巧已经度过了三个月。
6. 表现“甘愿宁可……，决不……；与其……，毋宁……”，常与 will 或 would 连用。比方：
I would die before I would tell.
我宁死不说。
I'd shoot mylf before I apologized to him.
我宁死也不向他致歉。
I would / will die before I surrender.
我宁死不平。
7. 表现“不然；以免”。比方：
Do it now before you forget.
如今就做，免得忘了。
I'll write it down before I forget it.
我得记下来以免忘了。
8. 用于句型“ It was + 时间段 + before ... ”，表现“过了多久才……”。比方：
It was three days before he came back.
三天后他才返来。
9. 用于句型“ It was not long before ... ”，意为“粗大不久就……”。比方：
It was not long before he nd the danger of the position.
不久他就认识到了处境的危急。
10. 用于句型“ It will be (not) + 时间段 + before ... ”，表现“要过多久／不久……才……”。
比方：
It will be half a year before you graduate from this school.
半年后你才气从这所学校毕业。
It will be not long before you find you are wrong.
不用多久你就会觉察你是错的。
本文结合典型例题来归纳一下before的特殊用法。
before作为连词时的基本意义是“在……之前”，用于表示时间或顺序。如：Turn the light off before you sleep. (睡前先把灯熄掉。) Think before you speak. (说话之前，应先想清楚。) 但在不同的语境中before有不同的意义：
1． before表示“不等……就……”、“尚未……就……”
例1： —Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting？ (2006英语作文自我介绍年四川)
—He rushed out of the room_____ I could say a word.
A. before B. until C. when D. after
解析： 答案为A。题中before意为“不等……就”、“尚未……就……”，它表示从句的动作尚未来得及发生，主句的动作已发生或完成。全句句意为：我还没来得及说他就冲出了房
间。又如：
Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.我还没有来得及插上话，他就给我量好了尺寸。
The phone stopped ringing before I answered it.我还没有来得及接，电话就挂了。
2． before表示“不知不觉，还没弄清就……”(常用于before sb. know／realize…)
例2： Several weeks had gone by_____ I realized the painting was missing. (2004全国)
A. asB. before C. since D. when
解析： 此题最易错选C或D项，而正确答案为B。用since则时间延续到了现在，在时间上与had gone矛盾；用when则无法强调时间流逝的不知不觉性。又如：
Time pasd quickly and three months went by before I knew it.时间飞快地流逝，不知不觉3个月过去了。
3． before表示“以免，不然queen bee”
例3： It’s cloudy. Take an umbrella_____ you regret it.
A. but B. and C. after D. before
解析： and青浦英语培训及but表示并列关系，不合语境；after意为“在……之后”，不合常识，应是在下
雨前带伞；before在此处意为“以免你后悔”。before作此意义的用法的例子不少，又如：
Put that away before it gets broken.把它收好，以免砸了。
Do it before you forget.尽早动手，不然忘了。
4． before用于it was / will be ＋ 时间 ＋ before ... 句型中。
例4： It won’t be long_____ you regret what you have done.
A. after B. before C. since D. until
解析： It was / will be ＋ 时间 ＋ before ... 表示“过了多久才…(强调时间的长)”，在否定句中则表示“没过多久就…(强调时间的短)”。例如：
It will be two years before we meet again.我们要过两年才能见面。
It wasn’t long before he married again. 不久他就又结婚了。
We didn’t wait long before he came back. 猴子用英文怎么说我们没等多久他就回来了。
5． before表示“与其……宁可……，比……优先”(用于表优先顺序)
例5： They would fight to death_____ they surrendered(投降)．
A. before B. after C. since D. becau
解析： 答案为A。before引导的从句在与will, would连用时，有“宁愿……也不”的含义。b
efore即使是作介词用也有此意义。例如：
True men choo death before dishonor. 大丈夫宁可杀不可辱。
请先看2005年广东省的一道高考题： The American Civil War lasted four years _______ the North won in the end. A. after B. before C. when D. the [解析] 答案为B。本题考查连词before的用法。before含有“在……之后才……”之意，根据本句含义“美国南北战争持续了四年，北方才最终取得胜利”，可知本题应选B before一词含义广泛，是高考考查的热点词汇之一，但部分考生对该词的用法模糊不清。为了帮助大家掌握，现就对它的用法归纳如下 一、 before用作连词1． before用作连词时，意思是“在……之前；还没来得及 …… 就”。例如：Before she could move, she heard a great noi, which grew to a terrible roar. ribbon是什么意思她还没来得及动弹，就听见有很响的声音，接着就成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。Before I could say a word, she had stormed out of the room. 不等我说一句话，她就冲出了房间。 Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched. 不要高兴得过早。 2． 用于It + be + 时间段 + 句型中，意思是“在……之后才……”。例如： It will be five years before I come back. 我五年后才能回来。 It was not long before the enemy was driven out of their country. 不久之后，敌人就被赶走了。 如果主句中用否定式，则表示“不
多久……就”。 It won’t be long before they understand each other. 他们不久就会互相了解的。3． 还有“趁……（还没有）”之意。例如： They are thinking of buying the hou before the prices go up. 他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。 Do it before you forget it. 趁早动手，以免忘了。二、before用作介词before用作介词时, 可以指时间“earlier than在……之前”，也可以指位置“in front of在……之前”。例如：There is nothing that has not been bitter before being ripe. 凡事在成熟前，都是有苦味的。Don’t put the cart before the hor. 不要本末倒置 He was brought before the judge. 他被带到法官面前。三、before用作副词 before用作副词时，意思是“at an earlier time / in the past以前”。例如： I’ve en the film Titanic before. 我以前看过《泰坦尼克》这部电影。 I have never en such beautiful flowers before. 我以前从未见过如此美丽的鲜花。 四、短语before long与long before的区别 before long是“很快，不久”的意思, 可以用于各种时态。例如： Before long, he went to America. 不久，他就去了美国 I hope to e you before long. 我希望不久后再见到你。 而 long before是“很久以前”的意思，一般用在过去时或过去完成时的句子里。例如： She said she had read the novel long before. 她说她很久以前就读过这部小说 That happened long before. 那件事发生在很久以前。[巩固练习]1. It _______ long before
we _______ the result of the experiment.A. will not be; will know B. is; will knowC. will not be; know D. is; know2. It was about five hours _______ the workers shipped all the goods.A. since B. when C. after D. before3. It was evening _______ we reached the little town of Winchester.A. that B. until C. since D. before4. Scientists say it may be five or six years _______ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A. since B. after C. before D. when5. It was some time ____ we realized the truth.A. when B. until C. since D. beforeKeys:1-5: CDDCD二 . It is … when …可用于下面两种场合：1. when 是连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“……的时候已是几点钟”。例如：It was eight o'clock in the morning when they went shopping.当他们去买东西的时候已经是上午 8 点了。2. when 是关系副词，引导定语从句，它本身在从句中作时间状语。例如 It was July 10， 1992， when he graduated from Nanjing University 他 1992 laborintensive年 7 月 10 日毕业于南京大学。 三 . It is / has been + 一段时间 +since 从句。例如： It is / has been three years since we saw each other last time. 我们上一次见面是在 3 年前。It is four years since I became a student 我上了 4 年学了。（注意：状语从句中常用短暂性动词的一般过去时作谓语动词）
“ It was + 一段时间 +since 从句”结构。可理解为：从更远的过去某一时间点，延续了一段时间直至过去的一个时间点，从句中用过去完成时作谓语。例如： It was two years since he had left here. 他离开这儿有两年了。 注意： since 从句里的谓语动词是瞬间动词时，表示这段时间从该动作开始时算起； since 从句里的谓语动词是延续性 / 表状态的动词时，则表示这段时间从动作结束时算起。例如： It's five years since he lived here.他离开这儿有 5 年了。（ live 为延续性动词 It's ten years since he joined the army.他参军已有 10 年了。（ join 为瞬间动词）四 . It is + 一段时间 +before+ 从句。在该句式中， before 引导的是时间状语从句。这样的从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来时间。例如：It will be hours before he arrives at the bus stop.他到车站得好几个小时。It was not five hours before Tom left for Shanghai.不到五个小时汤姆就去上海了。 注意：常出现在 before 前面的词或短语有： long， not long， years， months， days， hours， minutes 等。其肯定式表示“过多久……就 / 才……”，否定式表示“不久……就 / 才……”。
surname什么意思
