Unit1 第三册
1. Disappointed by his behaviour, I said all this to my best friend. I was just letting 过去分词做状语，有时为了强调，前面可带连词when, while, if, though, as if, unless 等, 表时间，条件，让步，方式等。
过去分词(短语) 做状语，表1时间，2原因，3条件，4让步，5方式或者伴随
1 Asked about his impression of the apartment, he made no answer.
=When he was asked about his impression of the apartment, ...
2 Seriously injured, he had to be taken to the hospital.
=Becau he was riously injured, he
3 United, we stand; divided, we fall.
= If we are untied, we stand; if we are divided, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。
4 Rejected many times, he didn’t lo heart.
=Though he was rejected many times, he didn’t lo heart.
5 The boy slid out of his room, followed by hie pet dog.
= The boy slid out of his room and was followed by his pet dog.
过去分词(短语)做状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。如果主语不一致，要在分词前加上逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。
The boy rushed into the classroom, his face covered with sweat.
有些过去分词已形容词化，做状语时表示主语的某种情绪或者状态。
常见的形容词化的过去分词有
Satisfied, surprid, interested, moved, worried, plead, disappointed等。
2. First, apologi to
Then, talk to
Thirdly, think about your own behaviour.
Firstly ...
<
3. It’s adj./n.+to do sth. 做某事是......的
It’s not easy for anyone to say sorry.
It’s not a good idea to critici someone in front of others.
4. It’s 人们相信..., 有人认为...
It’s believed that EQ plays an even more important role than IQ. 人们认为情商扮演的角色比智商更重要。
It’s believed that EQ plays an even more important role than IQ
=People believe that EQ plays an even more important role than IQ.
=EQ is believed to play an even more important role than IQ.
It’s 据报道
It's 据宣布
It’s 人们认为
It's 人们希望
It’s 人们认为
It’s 人们相信
It’s 有人建议
5. Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments
from you so that they can improve. (so that 引导的目的状语从句)
So that 既可以引导目的状语从句，还可以引导结果状语从句。
引导目的状语从句时，意为“以便，为了”相当于in order that，从句中往往有
will/would/can/could/may/might 等情态V，表明动作尚未发生。
京翰引导结果状语从句时，意为“因此，所以”，从句中不用情态V.
6. Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be rved every time you visit.
Every/each time 意为“每次”，名词词组，可做连词，引导时间状从。
可做连词，含time 的名词词组：
The first time
The cond time
(the) last time
(the) next time
Any time
By the time
7. The more independent you are, the better your life will be.
The+比较级( +主谓)，the+比较级( +主谓) 前者表条件，后者表结果。
The more, the better. 多多益善。
The harder you study, the more progress you will make.
你学习越刻苦，你取得的进步就越大。
The more positive an article was, the more likely it was to be shared.
Unit 2
8. All I can do is (to) ride a tricycle and make money for the students.
(all I can do =all that I can do( that在从句中做宾语，可以省略) =what I can do)
当主语含有do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略to
cross是什么意思>yahoo mailThe only thing for you to do now is (to) apologize.
All you need to do is (to) show your perverance.
9. Knowing that the kids now have money for school is what keeps me going
and gives me more energy. 知道孩子们现在有钱上学是让我坚持下去的理由，并给了我更多的力量。
What=all that
=the things that
=anything that
What 引导的名词性从句=先行词+that 引导的定语从句
Going to Beijing University is what I’ve been dreaming of.
上北京大学是我一直梦寐以求的。
羞愤10. have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难
Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his 瑞安难以相信老师
说的话
Trouble, difficulty 前可用some, no, little, much 等修饰
have trouble (in) doing sth. 中，介词in 可省略
做某事有困难
have trouble with sth.
have trouble (in) doing sth.
have problems with sth.
have problems (in) doing sth.
gre作文have a hard/difficult time (in) doing sth.
have difficulty (in) doing sth.
11. So...that.. 如此......以至于......
And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick? 为什么水这么脏以至于让她们生病？
< / hat
so 后接形容词或副词，
such 后接名词(短语)，但当名词前有many/much/few/little时，要用so
12. but also
medianWe need to not only donate money but also get new ideas.
是并列连词，连接两个对等的成分，如主语，谓语，宾语，表语，状语等等，还可连接两个分句。
1） but also 连接两个主语时，强调的是后面的主语，因此谓语应和后面的主语在人称和数量上保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。
2）but also 连接两个分句时，且not only 位于句首时，not only 分句用部分倒装语序.
Eg. Not only do the teachers have their own ideas on the matter, but the students have theirs too.
also 有时可省略，或将also 换成too，as well (位于句末)
13. have/ has been doing 一直在（现在完成进行时）
Now, UNICEF has been working to improve the lives of children and their families across 190 countries and territories.
have/has been doing: 表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者可能仍然要继续下去。
现在完成时VS 现在完成进行时
I've been writing a novel. 过去发生，延续到现在，还在进行
I've written a novel. 过去发生，已经完成
14. 过去分词作定语
1）单个过去分词作定语时，通常在被修饰词之前
The ground was covered with fallen leaves. 地上满是落叶
People shouldn’t be expod to polluted water. 人们不应该接触被污染了的水。
2）过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后。
I was instructed to carry out a plan supported by most people.
= I was instructed to carry out a plan which was supported by most people.
我被要求执行一个多数人支持的计划。
不及物动词，只表示完成，不表被动；
a retired teacher 退休教师
fallen leaves 落叶
The rin sun 升起的太阳
大专生考研
及物动词，表示被动或完成
An honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人
Deeply moved people 深受感动的人们
The broken glass 碎了的杯子
The question discusd yesterday 昨天讨论的问题
3）现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别
语态上不同，现在分词表主动意义，
过去分词多表示被动意义
The woman standing beside him is his cretary.
(woman和stand 是主动的关系)
She showed me the book recommended by the professor
（book 和recommend 是被动的关系）
时间关系上的不同，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词表示动作已经完成
the changing world 正在发生变化的世界the changed world 已经变化了的世界the falling leaves 正在下落的树叶the fallen leaves 落叶
15. as 引导的状语从句和定语从句
A shocked Winton watched as the majority of people ro to their feet.
department是什么意思温顿震惊的望着大多数人站了起来。
As the Chine saying goes, “A kind-hearted person lives a long life.”
中国有句俗话叫“好人长寿”。
1) as 引导的时间状语从句，强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词动作的同时性。
As our car approached Mount Huang, it slowed down. 我们的车接近黄山时，速度慢了下来。
在某处
2) as 引导的原因状语从句
It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit. 按时缴付电费很重要，因为晚交可能会影响你的信用。
3) as 引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然，即使”（从句需倒装）
1. Cold as it is, my elder brother wears only a shirt.
尽管天气很冷，我哥哥只穿了一件衬衫。
2. Hot as it was, the kids played football on the playground.
尽管天气很热，孩子们还是在操场上踢足球。
3. Child as he is, he knows a lot about space exploration.
尽管他还是个孩子，但他对太空的探索了解很多。
4. Hard as they tried, they couldn't make her change her mind.
尽管他们做了很大的努力，却没法让他改变主意。
5. Try as he might, he couldn't solve the problem.
尽管他想法设法，却未能解决这个问题。
6. Much as he liked her, he left her finally.
尽管他很喜欢她，可最后他还是离开了他。
4) as 引导的方式状语从句，意为“以......方式”
They did as I had asked.
5) as 引导的比较状语从句，意为“像......一样”
John came as early as Mary did.
as 引导定语从句，意为“正如，正像”
As is known to us all, the Internet plays a very important part in our life and work.
arora众所周知，互联网在我们的工作和生活中起着重要的作用
as 引导的定语从句的几个常用固定句式：
as is known
as we can e (from his accent)
as you know
as is mentioned above
Unit 3
16. 非限制性定语从句
用于对先行词起补充说明，补充额外信息，如果省略，句意仍然清晰完整。
而限制性定语从句，对先行词限定修饰，缩小范围。
A faint blue light shot across it, darkening to purple, and prently she could e the image of her son, who lived on the other side of the earth.
一道微弱的蓝光射过了它，变暗至紫色。过了一会，她就看见了他儿子的影像，他住在地球的另一边，他也看见了她。
I have daughter who is a doctor. 限制性我有一个当医生的女儿
I have a daughter, who is a doctor. 非限制性我有一个女儿，她是个医生
17. The way+定语从句
Look at the pictures and talk about how the way we live has changed over time.
看图片，谈谈我们的生活方式是如何随着时间而改变的。
the way+(that/in which+) 定语从句
