2020上海高一英语新教材（上教版）Unit 1Life in a day语法详解
本单元语法重点是： 现在进行时的被动语态；
第一部分：动词的语态
及物动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
1.定义：主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；
主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
2.被动语态的构成
被动语态最基本的句型结构是： be +及物动词过去分词.即be done
otherside一般现在时：is/am/are+done
一般过去时:was/were+done
现在进行时:is/am/are+being+done
过去进行时:was/were+being+done
一般将来时:will+be+done
过去将来时:would+be+done
现在完成时:have/has+been+done
过去完成时:had+been +done
情态动词can/may/must/need/could/would/should+be+done
【注意】
1) 主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”的情况
以下动词变为被动语态时，要在其后加“to”。
此类动词为感官动词，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, obrve, e, notice, watch等。
例如：
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
They made him cry. (主动语态)
He was made to cry by them. (被动语态)
2) 主动形式表示被动意义
如wash, clean, cut, read, wear, draw, write, ll等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义。例如：
The pen writes smoothly.
the ro
坏人的英文
This kind of cloth washes easily.
感官动词如feel，look，smell，taste，sound等直接跟形容词作表语。
The food tastes good.ppb
3)want, need, require表示“需要”时，后接-ing表被动；
①Sth. want/need/require to be done=sth. want/need/require doing
Your hair needs cutting= Your hair need to be cut.你的头发需要被剪
②be worth+doing sth.值得被做...。The book is worth reading.
第二部分：被动语态
一、被动语态的基本形式
1. 被动语态的基本时态变化四六级准考证号忘了怎么查询
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：
1）am/is/are + done(过去分词) 一般现在时 + 被动语态
Visitors ___________(request) not to touch the exhibits.
2）was/were done 一般过去时 + 被动语态
I ___________(give) ten minutes to decide which I should choo.
3) has/have been done 现在完成时 + 被动语态
All the preparations ___________ (complete).
4）had been done 过去完成时 + 被动语态
By the end of last year, another new gym ___________ (complete) in Beijing.
5) am/is/are deing done 现在进行时 + 被动语态
A new cinema ___________ (build) here．
6）was/ were being done 过去进行时 + 被动语态
A meeting ___________ (hold) when I was there.
7) shall/will be done 一般将来时 + 被动语态
Hundreds of jobs ___________ (lo) if the factory clos.
8）should/would be done 过去将来时 + 被动语态
The news ___________ (nd) to the soldier's mother.
9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时 + 被动语态
The project ___________ (complete) before July.
10）should/would have been done 过去将来完成时 + 被动语态
He told me that his new clothes ___________ (make) very soon.
2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)、带情态动词的被动结构：情态动词+be+done(过去分词)
The baby should ___________ (take) good care of by the baby-sitter.
2)、在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词e, watch, notice, hear,等后面不定式作宾
语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. ?
3)、非谓语动词的被动语态：being + done 或 to be + done
I don't like ___________ (laugh) at in the public.
nexusI don't want ___________ (laugh) at in the public.
4)、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppo, think等可以用于句型“It＋is/was＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有：It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is wel l known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。It is said that the boy has pasd the exam./ The boy is said to have pasd the exam.
hasd
二、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1、英语中有很多动词如lock，open，ll，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
This kind of cloth washes well.
注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较：
圣诞快乐英语怎么写的The door won't lock．（指门本身有毛病）
我非生而知之者好古敏以求之者也翻译
The door won't be locked.（指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）
2、系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste,
look,smell常以主动形式表示被动意义。
Your reason sounds reasonable.
三、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
1、在need，want，require等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The hou needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。
2、形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）
3、在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。巧克力的拼音
This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
被动语态同步练习:
( ) 1. It is said that a new robot ____by him in a few days
A. designed B. has been designed
C. will be designed D. will have been designed
( ) 2. She will stop showing off if no notice____ of her.
A. is taken B. takes C. will be taken D. has taken
( ) 3. Diamond ____in Brazil in 1971.
A. is found B. has been found C. was found D. had been found
