Chapte Four
Word - formation in Medical Terminology
Medical terms are largely formed from the building elements, namely, roots, prefixes, suffixes and existing words. Generally, we recognize five commonly ud process of word- formation in medical language. They are: 1.affixation(词缀法), 2.composition(合成法), 3.conversion(转化法), 4.shortening(缩略法),including (1) blending(紧缩词), (2) clipping(音节缩略词), and (3) acronym(字母缩略词), and 5. backformation(逆生法)。
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1. Affixation (词缀法) （Derivation 派生法 ）
----Prefixation （加前缀法）
----Suffixation（加后缀法）
----Combining vowols （组合元音）
----Common patterns of affixation
(1) Prefixation
1） Definition: prefixation is a morphological process whereby a prefix is attached to the front of ba (root or word).
2） Grammatical role: Usually, prefixation tends to be mantically oriented, adding new meaning to a ba without change in the part of speech (词性).
3) Examples: Autograft (自体移植), isograft (同系移植物), allograft (homograft) (同种异体移植物), forward是什么意思xenograft (hetrograft) ( 异种移植物) all have the same root graft but denote grafts of different types becau of their prefixes.
（2）Suffixation
1）Definition：Suffixation is a morphological process whereby a suffix is attached to the end of a ba (word or root)
2）Grammatical role: Suffixes are basically class-changing. Hence, suffixation tends to change the part of speech of a word.
3) Examples: immune, immunity, immunize and immunization have basic meaning, all related to “immunity” of an organism, but belong to different word class.
pinball（3）Combining vowols (CV)
1）Definition: When two bas are combined or a suffix is attached to a ba, if there is no vowel to joint the two forms, a vowol called the combining vowol is added.
酒店会计 2) Commonly ud CVs : The most commonly ud combining vowol is followmeo, withfeature i and a coming cond.
3) Examples: arthr + o + centesis = arthrocentesis
captain Mast + o + carcinoma = mastocarcinoma
Mamm + o + plasia = mammoplasia
(4) Common patterns of affixation
① Prefix + root
Inject = in + ject
② prefix + combining vowel + root
Ectoderm = ect + o + derm
③ root + suffix
Stasis = sta + sis
stir④ root + combining vowel + suffix
Sclerosis = scler + o + sis
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kansas university⑤ prefix + root + suffix
Perirenal = peri + ren + al
⑥ prefix + root + combining vowel + suffix
Synarthrosis = syn + arthr + 0 + sis
⑦ prefix + prefix + root + combining vowel + suffix
Contraindication = contra + in + dic + a +
Tion
8 root + root + suffix
sialadenitis = sial + aden + itis
