Term | Definition |
active voice 主动语态 | one of two voices in English; a direct form of expression where the subject performs or "acts" the verb; e also passive voice （反义词） eg: "Many people eat rice" |
adjective 形容词 | part of speech that typically describes or "modifies" a noun eg: "It was a big dog." |
adjective clau 定语从句 | ldom-ud term for relative clau 关系从句 |
adjunct 修饰语 | word or phra that adds information to a ntence and that can be removed from the ntence without making the ntence ungrammatical eg: I met John at school. |
adverb 副词 | word that modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb eg: quickly, really, very boasts |
adverbial clau 状语从句 | dependent clau that acts like an adverb and indicates such things as time, place or reason eg: Although we are getting older, we grow more beautiful each day.jetion |
affirmative 肯定 | statement that express (or claims to express) a truth or "yes" meaning; opposite of negative （否定） eg: The sun is hot. |
affix 附加词 | language unit (morpheme) that occurs before or after (or sometimes within) the root or stem of a word eg: un- in unhappy (prefix 前缀), -ness in happiness (suffix 后缀) |
agreement 一致 (also known as "concord") | logical (in a grammatical n) links between words bad on ten, ca or number eg: this phone, the phones |
antecedent 先行词 | word, phra or clau that is replaced by a pronoun (or other substitute) when mentioned subquently (in the same ntence or later) eg: "Emily is nice becau she brings me flowers." |
appositive 同位语 | noun phra that re-identifies or describes its neighbouring noun eg: "Canada, a multicultural country, is recognized by its maple leaf flag." |
article 冠词 | determiner that introduces a noun phra as definite (the) or indefinite (a/an) |
aspect 方面 | feature of some verb forms that relates to duration or completion of time; verbs can have no aspect (simple), or can have continuous or progressive aspect (expressing duration), or have perfect or perfective aspect (expressing completion) |
auxiliary verb 助动词 (also called "helping verb") | verb ud with the main verb to help indicate something such as ten or voice eg: I do not like you. She has finished. He can swim. |
bare infinitive 原形 | unmarked form of the verb (no indication of ten, mood, person, or aspect) without the particle "to"; typically ud after modal auxiliary verbs; e also infinitive eg: "He should come", "I can swim" |
ba form 基础形式 | basic form of a verb before conjugation into tens etc eg: be, speak |
ca | form of a pronoun bad on its relationship to other words in the ntence; ca can be subjective, objective or posssive eg: "I love this dog", "This dog loves me", "This is my dog" |
causative verb 使役动词 | verb that caus things to happen such as "make", "get" and "have"; the subject does not perform the action but is indirectly responsible for it eg: "She made me go to school", "I had my nails painted" |
clau 从句 | group of words containing a subject and its verb eg: "It was late when he arrived" |
comparative, 比较级 comparative adjective 形容词比较级 | form of an adjective or adverb made with "-er" or "more" that is ud to show differences or similarities between two things (not three or more things) eg: colder, more quickly |
complement 补足语 | part of a ntence that completes or adds meaning to the predicate eg: Mary did not say where she was going. |
compound noun 复合名词 | noun that is made up of more than one word; can be one word, or hyphenated, or parated by a space eg: toothbrush, mother-in-law, Christmas Day |
compound ntence 并列句 | ntence with at least two independent claus; usually joined by a conjunction eg: "You can have something healthy but you can't have more junk food." |
concord 一致 | another term for agreement |
conditional 条件 | structure in English where one action depends on another ("if-then" or "then-if" structure); most common are 1st, 2nd, and 3rd conditionals eg: "If I win I will be happy", "I would be happy if I won" |
conjugate 同源词 产量英语 | to show the different forms of a verb according to voice, mood, ten, number and person; conjugation is quite simple in English compared to many other languages eg: I walk, you walk, he/she/it walks, we walk, they walk; I walked, you walked, he/she/it walked, we walked, they walked |
conjunction 连词 | word that joins or connects two parts of a ntence eg: Ram likes tea and coffee. Anthony went swimming althoughhawe it was raining. |
澳洲留学中介排名content word 实义词 | word that has meaning in a ntence, such as a verb or noun (as oppod to a structure word, such as pronoun or auxiliary verb); content words are stresd in speech eg: "Could you BRING my GLASSES becau I've LEFT them at HOME" |
continuous 连续的（进行时） (also called "progressive") | verb form (specifically an aspect) indicating actions that are in progress or continuing over a given time period (can be past, prent or future); formed with "BE" + "VERB-ing" 英语自我介绍带翻译eg: "They are watching TV." |
contraction 缩略形式 | shortening of two (or more) words into one depresdeg: isn't (is not), we'd've (we would have) |
countable noun 可数名词 | thing that you can count, such as apple, pen, tree (e uncountable noun) eg: one apple, three pens, ten trees |
dangling participle 垂悬分词 | illogical structure that occurs in a ntence when a writer intends to modify one thing but the reader attaches it to another eg: "Running to the bus, the flowers were blooming." (In the example ntence it ems that the flowers were running.) |
declarative ntence | ntence type typically ud to make a statement (as oppod to a question or command) eg: "Tara works hard", "It wasn't funny" |
defining relative clau (also called "restrictive relative clau") 限定性关系从句 | 黑帮大佬的365天第一部完整版中文翻译relative clau that contains information required for the understanding of the ntence; not t off with commas; e also non-defining clau eg: "The boy who was wearing a blue shirt was the winner" |
demonstrative pronoun 指示代词 demonstrative adjective | pronoun or determiner that indicates cloness to (this/the) or distance from (that/tho) the speaker eg: "This is a nice car", "Can you e tho cars?" |
dependent clau 独立从句 | part of a ntence that contains a subject and a verb but does not form a complete thought and cannot stand on its own; e also independent clau eg: "When the water came out of " |
determiner 限定词 | word such as an article or a posssive adjective or other adjective that typically comes at the beginning of noun phras eg: "It was an excellent film", "Do you like my new shirt?", "Let's buy some eggs" |
direct speech 直接引语 | saying what someone said by using their exact words; e also indirect speech eg: "Lucy said: 'I am tired.'" |
direct object 直接宾语 | noun phra in a ntence that directly receives the action of the verb; e also indirect object eg: "Joey bought the car", "I like it", "Can you e the man wearing a pink shirt and waving a gun in the air?" |
embedded question 间接疑问句 | question that is not in normal question form with a question mark; it occurs within another statement or question and generally follows statement structure eg: "I don't know where he went," "Can you tell me where it is before you go?", "They haven't decided whether they should come" |
finite verb 限定动词 | verb form that has a specific ten, number and person eg: I work, he works, we learned, they ran |
first conditional 第一条件句 | "if-then" conditional structure ud for future actions or events that are en as realistic possibilities eg: "If we win the lottery we will buy a car" |
fragment 片段 | incomplete piece of a ntence ud alone as a complete ntence; a fragment does not contain a complete thought; fragments are common in normal speech but unusual (inappropriate) in formal writing eg: "When's her birthday? - In December", "Will they come? - Probably not" |
function 功能 | purpo or "job" of a word form or element in a ntence eg: The function of a subject is to perform the action. One function of an adjective is to describe a noun. The function of a noun is to name things. |
future continuous 将来进行时 (also called "future progressive") | ten* ud to describe things that will happen in the future at a particular time; formed with WILL + BE + VERB-ing eg: "I will be graduating in September." |
future perfect 将来完成时 | ten* ud to express the past in the future; formed with WILL HAVE + VERB-ed eg: "I will have graduated by then" |
future perfect continuous 将来完成进行时 | ten* ud to show that something will be ongoing until a certain time in the future; formed with WILL HAVE BEEN + VERB-ing eg: "We will have been living there for three months by the time the baby is born" |
future simple 一般将来时 | ten* ud to describe something that hasn't happened yet such as a prediction or a sudden decision; formed with WILL + BASE VERB eg: "He will be late", "I will answer the phone" |
genitive ca 属格 | ca expressing relationship between nouns (posssion, origin, composition etc) eg: "John's dog", "door of the car", "children's songs", "pile of sand" |
gerund 动名词 | noun form of a verb, formed with VERB-ing eg: "Walking is great exerci" |
gradable adjective 可分级形容词 | adjective that can vary in intensity or grade when paired with a grading adverb ; e also non-gradable adjective eg: quite hot, very tall |
grading adverb 分级副词 | adverb that can modify the intensity or grade of a gradable adjective eg: quite hot, very tall |
hanging participle 悬挂分词 | another term for dangling participle |
helping verb 助动词 | another term for auxiliary verb |
imperative 祈使句 | form of verb ud when giving a command; formed with BASE VERB only eg: "Brush your teeth!" |
indefinite pronoun 不定代词 | pronoun does not refer to any specific person, thing or amount. It is vague and "not definite". eg: anything, each, many, somebody |
independent clau 独立分句 (also called "main clau") | group of words that express a complete thought and can stand alone as a ntence; e also dependent clau eg: "Tara is eating curry.", "Tara likes oranges and Joe likes apples." |
indirect object 间接宾语 | noun phra reprenting the person or thing indirectly affected by the action of the verb; e also direct object eg: "She showed me her book collection", "Joey bought his wife雄黄酒 a new car" |
indirect question 间接疑问句 | another term for embedded question |
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