Linguistics Report on
Group members: 490200127 Judy Yang
490200153 Nicole Yu
490630396 Nadia Lee
490630519 Bruce Cho
I. Introduction:
Borrowing words is a kind of way to expand language. One of the most common sources of new words is the process simply labeled borrowing, that is, the taking over of words from other languages.(Yule 65) Borrowed words might occur becau one language need to translate or carry meaning that the language itlf don’t have from other languages. There are two different borrowed types- transliteration and loan-translation (calque). What I want to emphasize is tho two type are very similar so that we need to study them carefully.
Transliteration is very common way to create a word of foreign origin. It just transliterates the sound of words. And the sound carries the special meaning or implication in this language that transliterates the words. For example, Dink in Chine is 頂客. Actually tho two Chine words are no meaning in Chine language, but becau transliteration carried new meaning in Chine. So we could know that 頂客 means the couple has double income and no kid.
Loan-translation (claque) is a direction translation of elements of a word into the borrowing language. In this way, we just literally translate the loanwords into another language. For example, Supermarket is typical model. Super literally means 超級 and market literally means 市場 in Chine. Maybe we have tho words originally, but we don’t have this kind of combination of two words. Also, the combination of two words is a new style market in Chine.
Many countries u the borrowed way to expand their language. It is easier than creation of a new word.
II. Design:
We try to record and notice every dialogue in our daily life. And we write tho down to make a compare list so we could analyze the structure of tho words. Becau borrowed forms is a kind of language change so that related to many knowledge of linguistic such as the ntence structure or morphological structure. So we should analyze words clearly and carefully by using the knowledge of morphology or structure of words.
III. Finding：
Eating | Clothing | Living | Transportation | Education | Leisure |
爆米花 抽查英文(pop corn ) 炸雞 (fried chicken) 考研作文模板檸檬 (lemon) 藍莓 (blueberry) 雞尾酒 (cocktail) 優格 (yogurt) 哈姆 (ham) 巧克力 (chocolate) 熱狗 (hot dog) 咖啡 (coffee) 起司 (chee) 漢堡 (hamburger) 壽司 (susi, 日文) 豆腐 (tofu) 克林姆 (cream) 比薩 (pizza) 可樂 (cola) 新西兰出国雪碧 (spirit) | 香奈兒 (channel ) 高跟鞋 (high heel) 太陽眼鏡 (sunglass) 迷你裙 (miniskirt) 比基尼 (bikini) 歐姆 (omega) 黑胡椒 (black pepper) 雨衣 (raincoat) 泳衣 (swimsuit) 蕾絲 (lace) 耳環 (earring) | 沙發 (sofa) 牙膏 (toothbrush) 白宮 (white hou) 空氣條理器 (air condition) 壁紙 (wallpaper) | 公車 (bus) whenyouaregone拖拉庫 (track ) 機器腳踏車 (autobike) 引擎 (engine)morning glory 馬達 (moda) 賓士 (benz) 吉普 (jeep) 哈雷 (harey)
| 克漏字 (clo word) 電子辭典 (electrical dictionary) 黑板 (blackboard) 道 (dao) 禪 (shan) 風水 flavored(feng shui) | 蒙太奇 (montage) 逗葛馬 (dogma) 籃球 (basketball) 高爾夫 (golf) 保齡球 (bowing)surrogates 麻將 (majang) 足球 (football) 卡通 (cartoon) 麥克風 (microphone) 漫畫 (manga, 日文) 吉他 (guitar) 貝斯 (bass) 月之海 愠怒(luna a) 鐵達尼 (titanic) 線上遊戲 (on line game) 沙龍 (salon) 酒吧 (bar) 爵士 (jazz) 藍調 (blue) 搖滾 (rock) 芭蕾舞 (ballet) 值此之际探戈舞 (waltz) 恰恰 (chacha) |
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IV. Discussion
After finding so much examples on borrowing words, we may come up with a question that how borrowing words come from. We can recognize veral kinds of languages being borrowed into a certain language. What indeed there are so many sources of borrowing words?
At first, we should know that borrowing words happen when there are no correct native words for another culture. For example, foreigners do not have “豆腐” their own. So when they try to indicate that, they u the same pronunciation “tofu” instead. Therefore the foreigners borrow words from Chine language. Most of borrowing words happens when there are not accurate words to indicate foreign things.
Secondly, sometimes there are some proper nouns that are better not to translate. So we may directly transliterate them; for example, montage (we transliterate it into “蒙太奇” in Chine.) Tho proper nouns are almost borrowed from foreign culture.
At last, there are some special conditions of borrowing words. Take Taiwane language for example; as we know that Taiwan has been governed as the colony of Japan, most people that age can speak Japane. Japane not only influence the public building of Taiwan, but also the language of Taiwan. Examples such as “托拉庫” (track) “Ringo” (apple) can prove it. Taiwane integrate Japane language into itlf, that’s why we can find so many trace of Japane language in Taiwane one.
However the most interesting is that, Japane language also borrow words from other languages (especially English). The examples are “巴士” (bus) “孔普達” (computer). Then Japane influence Taiwane, such as “歐多拜” (autobike, motorcycle). In this way, some words in Taiwane language are actually borrowed from English, for Japane does borrow words from English.
