Defining the surface ction
Section output requests are available only for ctions defined using element-bad surfaces (e
stepbystep“Element-bad surface definition,” Section 2.3.2). Conquently, the ctions must be defined using faces of continuum elements although other types of elements (beams, membranes, shells, springs, dashpots, etc.) can be attached to the ction.
Calculation of accumulated quantities on the ction (such as the total force) involves nodal quantities associated with elements on one side of the ction only. Therefore, the surface definition should u elements only from one side of the ction (the “ba elements,” as defined in “Prescribed asmbly loads,” Section 32.5.1), thus precily identifying the side from which accumulated quantities are computed.
一线口语价格Since the ction usually cuts through the mesh in a typical ction output request, automatic generation of the surface cannot be ud. Specifying the element faces gives exact control over which element faces form
the surface, which is esntial when defining a cross-ction through a solid body.
note
You must specify the name of the surface for which output is being requested.
Surfaces that are defined in a restart analysis can be ud only for ction output requests. The newly defined surface cannot be ud for any other purpo (such as a contact pair or pre-tension ction definition).
U either of the following options: Input File
2014考研英语一答案Usage:
*SECTION PRINT, NAME=ction_name,
日本大学SURFACE=surface_name
*SECTION FILE, NAME=ction_name,
SURFACE=surface_name
Selecting the coordinate system in which output is desired
You can specify the choice of coordinate system in which the ction output is desired. By default, th
e
components of vector quantities associated with the ction are obtained with respect to the global system of coordinates. Alternatively, you can specify that output is desired in a local system as defined below. Input File
U either of the following options: Usage:
*SECTION PRINT, NAME=ction_name,
SURFACE=surface_name,
环抱
AXES=GLOBAL or LOCAL
*SECTION FILE, NAME=ction_name,
sockSURFACE=surface_name,
AXES=GLOBAL or LOCAL
Defining a coordinate system local to the surface ction
You can allow Abaqus/Standard to define the local system, or you can specify it directly.
Default local system
十二月英文画画的英文The default local system is particularly uful when the ction is flat or almost flat. Though it can also be ud in the ca when the defined surface is curved, the default local system may be irrelevant for such problems.
The default system is defined by a straight line in two-dimensional and axisymmetric cas or by a plane in three-dimensional cas, fitted (in a least square n) through the nodes belonging to the ction. The anchor point (origin) of the local system is the centroid of the projection of the surface on the fitted line or plane. The local directions are given by the normal (1-direction) and the tangent direction (the 2-direction in two-dimensional and axisymmetric cas) or the tangent directions (the 2- and 3-directions in three-dimensional cas) to the fitted line or plane. When veral straight lines or planes can be fit equally well between the nodes defining the ction (for example, a clod circular or spherical surface), the original local directions will be parallel to the global axes.
The positive local 1-direction is lected such that it will form an acute angle with the average normal direction to the ction, computed by averaging the positive normals to the element faces defining th
e ction. If the average normal direction is zero (a clod surface), the 1-direction will form an acute angle with the global x-axis. If in two-dimensional or axisymmetric cas the 1-direction is within 0.1° of being normal to the global x-axis, it will form an acute angle with the global y-axis. In three-dimensional cas if the 1-direction is within 0.1° of being normal to the global X–Y plane, it will form an acute angle with the global z-axis.
In two-dimensional and axisymmetric cas the local 2-direction is obtained by rotating the local
1-direction counterclockwi by 90° about the anchor point. For three-dimensional situations the tangent directions of the surface are defined using the Abaqus conventions for local directions on surfaces in space (e “Conventions,” Section 1.2.2).
连杆轴承Input File U either of the following options to u
