2010－2013年考研英语二新题型
2013年新题型
Y ou are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choo the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)dead是什么意思
[A] Live like a peasant
[B] Balance your diet
[C] Shopkeepers are your friends
[D] Remember to treat yourlf
[E] Stick to what you need
[F] Planning is evervthing
[G] Waste not, want not
监理工程师培训
The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how T ony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, T ony has ?60 a week to spend, ?40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning ?130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became rious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much wor state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.
41._____________________
Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, becau, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.
42____________________________________________________________ This is where supermarkets and thci; anonymity come in handy. With them,there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.
43_________
Y ou may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.
44___________________________________
pestcontrolEveryone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers,delis and fish-llers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for
汉语翻译英语soups and stews,or beef bones, chicken carcass and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, Theyil let you have for free.
subscribe是什么意思45__________________
Y ou won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourlf to a t lunch at a good restaurant - ?1.75 a week for three months gives you ?21 - more than" enough for a three-cour lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It's ?16.95 there - or ?12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.
2012年新题型
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)
历史考研
“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.
Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.
From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De VirisIllustribus - On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition whichNiccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.
Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than publ
ic glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of lf-help, if patient purpo, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wroteSmiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himlf"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.
This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focud his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. The epochal figures reprented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as posssing higher authority than mere mortals.
Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possd no immen wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the mass and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in whic h each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they plea; they do not make it under circumstances chon by themlves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”
This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding - from gender to race to cultural studies - were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题
（新题型、翻译、作文）
Part B
Directions:（7选5）
In the following text, some ntences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choo the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald‟s, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering “inducements” such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said.
ominProfessor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: “If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front.”
He also urged councils to impo “fast-food-free zones” around school and hospitals-areas within which takeaways cannot open.
A Department of Health spokesperson said: “We need to create a new vision
therefore
for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new …responsibility deal‟ with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper tting out exactly how we will achieve this.”
The food industry will be alarmed that such nior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to u some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.
2010年
新题型
本文出处：The Economist print edition；Dec 3rd 2009
原文标题：Copying birds may save aircraft fuel
BOTH Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of rearchers at Stanford University, led by IlanKroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel u, and it would not require them to buy new aircraft。
The answer, says DrKroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, and a minal paper by a German rearcher called Carl Wielsberger, scientists have known that birds flying in formation—a V-shape, echelon or otherwi—expend less energy. The air flowing over a bird‟s wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash. Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themlves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was
formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California, has suggested that a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increa of 71%。
When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. DrKroo and his team modeled what would happen if three pasnger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to rendezvous over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally swap places so all could have a turn in the most favorable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (coupled with a reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter。
There are, of cour, kinks to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would pasngers feel comfortable traveling in convoy? DrKroo points out that the aircraft could be parated by veral nautical miles, and would not be in the intimate groupings favored by display teams like the Red Arrows. A pasnger peering out of the window might not even e the other planes. Whether the paration distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation Organization has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines。
parachute歌词It remains to be en how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of incread turbulence, the planes‟ wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. DrKroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of pasnger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flights。
As it happens, America‟s armed forces are on the ca already. Earlier this year the country‟s Defen Advanced Rearch Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight, though the program has yet to begin. There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the Second World War, but DrLissaman says they are apocryphal. “My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Be rlin,” he adds. So he should know。
41. Findings of the Stanford University rearchers will promote the sales of new Boeing and Airbus aircraft。
42. The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resistance。
43. Formation flight is more comfortable becau pasngers can not e the other planes。
44. The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined。
45. It has been documented that during World War II, America‟s armed forces once tried formation flight to save fuel。
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