考研英语学习计划1. Chapter One The Anglo-Saxon Period (450 —— 1066)
1. Historical background
The Celts 〉the Brythons.
The Iron Age.
The ceremonies of May Day and the cult of mistletoe.
From 55 BC to 407 AD, the Roman Empire, a slave society.
London was founded.
Little influence on the cultural life of the Celts,
Town with names ending in “chester” or “caster”.
De Bello Gallico by Julius Caesar and Germania by Publius Cornelius Tacitus
450 AD, the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes.
人与自然 英语作文“angul” means a hook; “ax” means a short sword.
Around 500 AD, the Celtic King Arthur fought against Cerdic, the founder of the kingdom of Wesx. Camelot, King Arthur’s capital.
Later 8th, the Danes, or the Vikings.
King Alfred the Great of Wesx (849-899)
Harold, the last Saxon King 〉William the Duke of Normandy.
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597, Pope Gregory the Great nt St. Augustine to England and the first converted king was King Ethelbert of Kent.
2. Northumbrian School and Wesx literature——two highlights in the development of the Anglo-Saxon literature.
Monasteries and abbeys in the kingdom of Northumbria.
Caedmon in the 7th turned the stories in the Bible into ver formloneliness——Paraphra. Inspired by God.
The Venerable Bede (673-735), wrote in Latin The Ecclesiastical History of the English People from Caesar to 731. It was Bede who told about the story of Caedmon.
The reign of King Alfred (871-899)
First, Latin books into West Saxon dialect. It is said that King Alfred translated the history of Bede.
Second, the launching of The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, from Caesar’s conquest to 一般过去时练习1154.
Third, created a style of Anglo-Saxon pro which was not obscure.
3. Anglo-Saxon poetry
The earliest is Widsith and the last is Maldon.
Beowulf
As early as the 6th in oral form
Written down in the 8th.
The manuscript prerved dates back to the 10th and in Wesx dialect.
One datable fact in the poem is a raid on the Franks by Gelac in 520.
3183 lines.
Danish King Hrothgar built a hall called Heorot.
Grendel for 12 years.
Beowulf, nephew to King Hygelac of the Geats. With 14 companions.
Hrothgar's friend Aeschere killed by Grendel's mother.
山东财经大学怎么样Killing Grendel’s mother with a magic sword in the cave.
One of the 12 companions, Wiglaf, helped Beowulf kill the dragon.
Physical strength demonstrates his high spiritual qualities.
A mixture of paganism and Christian elements.
Old English Poetry:
1. The technical structure:
1) Every line consists of two clearly parated half lines between which is a caesura. The two parts of the line are united by alliteration, a form of initial rhyme, which is the repetition of the same sound or sounds at the beginning of two or more words that are next to or clo to each other.
2) 翻译软件下载Every half line consists of two feet and each foot is made up of an accented syllable and a varying number of unaccented syllables.
3) Generally there are 3 alliterations per line, two in the first half line and one on the first foot of the cond half line.
消耗的意思2. The scop also ud a figurative language called “kenning”, a metaphor usually compod of two words, which becomes the formula of a special object: “helmet bearer” for “warrior.”
3. The u of repetition and variation. Same idea expresd more than once by synonyms.
PS: 第4頁第2段第3行經Word自動更正提示以及維基百科確認，“Ecclesiatical”為印刷錯誤，應為“Ecclesiastical”。
2. Chapter Two The Norman Period (1066-1350)
1. Historical background
1066, the battle of Hastings
The Normans, also descendants of Scandinavian marauders, having ized a wide part o
f northern France.
Accelerated the feudalism in England.
Large tracts of land by the king, barons, knights and the church.
A peasant uprising in 1381.
2. Middle English
For 3 centuries after the Norman conquest, two languages were ud side by side in England: Latin and French.
Words and expressions from Latin and French and Greek in the 14th.
Inflectional forms dropped and grammar simplified.
闭嘴英语
3. Religious literature
The issue of personal salvation.
Moral and spiritual responsibilities of individual rather than his ethical and social responsibilities.
Conventional theme: homiletic paraphras of the Gospels
4. Romance and the influence of French literature
meat
Through French literature the introduction of Italian literature.
Chief breeding ground was the aristocratic society in France in the 12th and early 13th and was introduced into England in the cond half of the 13th and the 14th.
