99级翻译试卷
Examination of Translation for English Majors文化反哺
（答题时间：120 分钟）
（June，2002）
brotherhood班级________ 姓名_________ 班级序号_____ 成绩_______ 任课教师________
national是什么意思
1. Fill in the blanks. (20%)
1). 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的内容准确而完整地重新_______出来的语言活动。
adopted2). 中国约有2000多年的翻译史，共出现过四次翻译高潮：东汉至唐宋的佛经翻译、______
___________、鸦片战争至“五四”的西学翻译以及现在正在经历的第四次翻译高潮。3). 对于翻译的标准, 可说是仁者见仁，智者见智。严复提出“______________”；__________创立了“信于内容，达如其分，切合风格”的“信
达切”学说；许渊冲提出的翻译标准为“__________ ”，要充分发挥译语的优势。
4). 翻译的过程，大致可分为_______、表达和校对三个阶段。
5). 西方新时期的翻译已扩展到各个领域，具有五个特点。其一是翻译理论著作层出不穷。主要代表有：___________1988年出版的《翻译教程》(A Textbook of Translation) 以及尤金﹒奈达1993年出版的《_________________》。
6) 翻译是一种融理论、技能、艺术于一体的语言实践活动。按翻译手段，可分为口译、笔译和_____________。美国语言学家雅可布逊把翻译分为三类：语内翻译、语际翻译和_____________。
7).在我国历史上，鸠摩罗什、_________和玄奘被称为三大佛经翻译家。_______是三大佛经翻译家中最负盛名的。他的名字在我国古往今来家喻户晓，在世界上也占有很高的地
位。
8).从文字系统来看，汉字属_________文字，是用象形、指事、会意三种方式表意。英语属于_________文字。英语的书写符号只有二十六个字母，音标符号是四十八个。9). 翻译是一种跨文化交际活动。因此，文化在翻译中起着非常重要的作用。一般来说，文化有四个特点，即完整性，保守性，可变性以及_________。
在处理文化特性时，常常涉及到两种方法：_________（文化特性的保留）和
祖国的十月
_________(文化特性的诠释)。
criterion
10). 英汉两种语言之间存在多种差异。例如，英语句子重“_________”，句子外形很严谨，而汉语句子以“意合”为特点，句子外形比较松散、自由，注重以神摄形。从语言形态学分类来看，英语是“_________”为主的语言，它是指这种语言主要是通过词本身的形态变化来表达语法意义（格、数、时等）。而汉语却是________为主的语言。它是指这种语言中的语法关系主要不是通过词本身的形态来表示，而是通过加词、虚词、词序等手段来表示。
2. Translate the following into Chine. (50%)
1). Within a very short time of coming back into power the prent government had taken steps to stabilize the position. First of all, we applied ourlves to identifying the root caus of our national ailments, examining contemporary evidence and refusing to be slaves to outmoded doctrinaire beliefs. Secondly we embarked on a reasoned policy to ensure steady economic growth, the modernization of industry, and a proper balance between public and private expenditure. Thirdly by refusing to take refuge--as the previous Government had continually done in the preceding years--in panic-stricken stopgap(暂时的) measures, we stimulated the return of international confidence. As a result of tho immediate measures, and aided by the tremendous effort which they evoked from our people who responded as so often before to a firm hand at the helm, we weathered the storm and moved on into calmer waters and a period of economic expansion and social reorganization.
arrayslice
2) Walden(沃而登湖) is blue at one time and green at another, even from
hongwuthe same point of view. Lying between the earth and the heaven, it partakes of the color of both. Viewed from a hilltop it reflects the color of the sky; but near at hand it is of a yellowish tint next the shore where you can e the sand, then a light green, which gradually deepens to a uniform dark green in the body of the pond. In some lights, viewed even from a hilltop, it is of a vivid green next the shore. Some have referred this to the reflection of the verdure; but it is equally green there against the railroad sandbank, and in the spring, before the leaves are expanded, and it may be simply the result of the prevailing blue mixed with the yellow of the sand. This is that portion, also, where in the spring, the ice being warmed by the heat of the sun reflected from the bottom, and also transmitted through the earth, melts first and forms a narrow canal about the still frozen middle.
finis3). W ASHINGTON: A United States Air Force F-16 fighter plane fired a missile at an Iraqi radar site after the jet was tracked electronically while in the "no-fly" zone over southern Iraq, the Pentagon said yesterday. But the White Hou, explaining a long delay in announcing the strike, said it was unclear whether Iraqi radar has “locked on” to the plane
on Saturday.
A Pentagon spokesman said the F-16 returned safely to its ba in Saudi Arabia. It was not immediately known if the Iraqi site was damaged. The spokesman, confirming the strike about 18 hours after it occurred, said an
investigation was under way. Iraq denied any such incident had taken place.
3. Translate the following into English. (30%)
1）当然，在成功和失败中，运气占了很大的成分。但我认为成功是没有什么诀窍的。有一点我发现和我生意上的成功有很大关系，这就是我来到美国之前所接受的价值观。这些价值观和孔子宣扬的一些思想有很多相同之处。孔子的思想强调的是中庸(moderation)。但是我尊重孔子的思想，并不是要把他的思想搬到现代社会。因为除了适度外还有一些东西对成功是至关重要的，这就是耐心，应变，果断，信心，创新思维，社会责任，最后还有运气。重要的是，这些因素相辅相成，不可缺一。虽然它们有的是有矛盾的，如耐心和果断经常矛盾，但很难想象我的任何决定中可以离开得了它们其中一个。
心理学史
2) 以美丽如画的西湖著称的杭州，建于大约2000年前。在隋代，杭州便是一繁荣的商业中心。在这个城市1127年成为南宋的京都以后，杭州的人口增长到110万。秀丽的西湖，在市区内占了相当大的面积。一望无际的闪闪发光的碧水，三面为群山所衬托。一代又一代的人民在这里修了横跨西湖的大堤，建了亭阁和石桥，种了垂柳和花卉。新建的120多公里的公路，把西湖和山里的风景区连接起来了。每一个地方都有它独特的迷人之处，同时也是西湖这个大公园的组成部分。
