GUAN ＧＤONG JIAO YU GAO ZHONG
广东教育·高中2019年第10期
如何记住英语单词的中文意思
■广东省梅州市东山中学梅县新城分校
石远金
词汇是语言的基石，但不少同学害怕记词汇，也不知如何下手？感觉记单词太难了，特别是记住英语单词的中文意思就更难。下面我以Book 1Unit 1为例，谈谈我是如何指导我的学生记词汇的。
记单词最基本的方法是按音节记，并掌握基本的构词法知识。在此基础之上，笔者认为，通过语篇(本文借用林润南老师编写的短文)来记忆单词的中文意思是很好的方法。在课堂上采用以下五个步骤来帮助考生复习巩固一个单元的单词和词组。
第一步，阅读两遍。
B1U 1Fall in Love with English
Hiding behind the loo dusty curtain ，a teenager packed up his overcoat into the suitca .He planned to leave home at dusk though there was thunder and lightning outdoors .He had got to do this becau he was tired of his parents ’nagging about his English study and did not want to go through it any longer.He couldn ’t get along well with English and disliked joining in English class becau he thought his teacher ignored him on purpo .As a result ，his score in each exam never added up to over 60.
爱上英语
有个少年躲在积满灰尘的松散窗帘后把大衣装入手提箱。尽管外面正打雷闪电，他仍计划在黄昏时离家出走。他不得不这样做是因为厌倦了父母对他英语学习的唠叨，不想再忍受下去了。他的英语学习总是无法取得进展，而且不喜欢参加英语课的学习，因为他以为老师有意忽视他。结果，他每次考试的分数合计从未超过60。
铆钉英文
His partner was concerned about him very much.She un 鄄derstood exactly what he was suffering from ，but entirely dis 鄄agreed with his idea.In order to calm him down and ttle his problem ，she talked with him face to face and swapped a 鄄ries of learning tips with him.The items she t down helped him find the highway to studying English well.
The teenager was grateful and got great power from his friend ’s words.Now ，he has recovered from being upt and has fallen in love with English.
他的搭档很关心他，也确切地理解他遭受的折磨，但却完全不同意他的想法。为了使他冷静下来好好解决问题，她和他面对面地交谈，并交换了一系列的学习心得技巧。她写下来的条款帮助他找到了学好英语的最佳捷径。
这个少年非常感激，并从朋友的话里获得极大的动力。现在，他已经从沮丧中恢复过来，真正爱上了英语
第二步，回顾中文。
俄罗斯男女学生读了以上短文二遍后，我会叫学生在括号内写出黑体单词的中文意思。
damn thingHiding behind the loo ()dusty ()curtain ()，a teenager packed up ()his overcoat
into the suitca ().He planned to leave home at dusk
()though there was thunder and lightning ()outdoors .He had got to do this becau he was tired of ()his parents ’nagging about his English study and did not want to go through ()it any longer.He couldn ’t get along well with English and disliked ()joining in English class
becau he thought his teacher ignored (
)him on purpo ().As a result ，his score in each exam never added up to over 60.
His partner was concerned about ()him very much.She understood exactly what he was suffering from ()，but entirely ()disagreed with his idea.In order tocalm him down ()and ttle ()his prob 鄄lem ，she talked with him face to face and swapped ()a ries of learning tips with him.The items ()she t down ()helped him find the highway to studying Eng 鄄lish well.
The teenager was grateful ()and got great power ()from his friend ’s words.Now ，he has recovered from ()being upt ()and has fallen in love with ()English.
通过检测，大多数学生都能把本单元单词的中文记住。第三步，学以致用。
先将下面几个句子翻译成英语，然后连成一篇小短文。1．志愿者李华第一次离开父母来到了梅州。
2．在安顿下来之后，他发现这儿和他所了解的完全不一样。3．他在日常生活中经历了许多痛苦，父母非常担心他。4．他积极地和当地人一起为孩子们的教育事业而努力。5．他发现和这儿的孩子相处得十分愉快。6．他融入了新的环境。参考答案：
That was the first time that Li Hua ，a volunteer ，had left his parents to go to Meizhou.After he ttled down ，he found it completely disagreed with what he had known of.He had gone through much trouble in the daily life;as a result ，his parents were very concerned about him.Later ，he actively joined the lo 鄄cal people in educating the children and found it pleasant to get along with the children here.Gradually ，he ttled in the new environment.
第四步，词组串记。
首先，请同学们学习以下含本单元主要词组的短文。
Mr.Shi ，with whom we get along very well ，is crazy about his work and is very concerned about us Senior Three students.Once I read a novel that has nothing to do with my study in class ，which he happened to find.After class he talked to me face to face ，and he didn ’t get tired of telling me how to learn English well in order to make me fall in love with English.he also en 鄄
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电大网考英语
理综高参
中碳碳双键是反应的关键所在。
【例7】（原创）1，3—丁二烯烃与HBr的1，２和１，４加成是高中有机学习中一个易混淆的概念，学生常把它混淆为２个反应，其实这是一个反应的２种取向，因为它们的反应机理、反应中间体是相同的，只是取向不同而已。其反应机理如图8所示，下列说法不正确的是（）李阳的疯狂英语
已知：“游离基”，是指化合物的分子在光热等外界条件下，共价键发生均裂而形成的具有不成对电子的原子或基团。
A.１，３-丁二烯与H+作用后生成了一个具有共轭体系的三中心两电子的烯丙基型碳正离子
济南外事翻译学院B.该反应不可能产生１，３加成，因为２，４双游离基是不稳定产物
C.无论温度是否发生明显变化，２种产物均同时产生，且没有主次取向
D.１，３-丁二烯与HI也可以发生１，２和１，４加成
解析：卤素负离子对共轭的烯丙基型碳正离子的２号位进攻则生成１，２加成产物，卤素负离子对共
轭的烯丙基型碳正离子的４号位进攻则生成１，４加成产物，不可能发生1,3加成，A、B项正确；1，2-和1，4-加成产物的比例不仅受共轭二烯结构的影响，也随温度、溶剂和催化剂体系等的改变而改变，C项不正确；HI与HBr结构相似，可以与１，３—丁二烯发生１，２和１，４加成，得到两种反应产物，D项正确。
答案：C
点评：有机化学反应的本质是原物质化学键的断裂和新物质化学键的生成，遵从质量守恒和能量守恒、能量越低越稳定原则。影响共轭二烯烃加成反应的因素主要有键能的大小、极性的强弱以及发生化学反应的空间位阻大小３个方面。本题侧重考查学生结合选项对反应机理图形的分析，引导学生了解两种加成的反应机理、反应中间体是相同的，只是取向不同，侧重考查学生的分析判断能力。开拓进取
总之，对反应机理的考查看上去很“高大上”，从而使学生形成畏难情绪。如果学生可以克服畏难心理，凭借扎实的基础知识和沉着冷静的心态读题审题，将题中信息与已有知识紧密结合，学生就会发现问题的落脚点往往是考查读取图表信息的能力以及利用题目给予的新信息解决问题的能力。解答时应结合反应历程示意图，从题目提取出隐含的信息，进而解决问题。
责任编辑李平安
图8（上接第51页）
remindingcouraged me to keep a diary in English to t down what I thought.With the help of him，I have made great progress in English，so I am not afraid of it any longer.
ud to do和be ud to doing石老师是一个工作狂，我们跟他相处非常融洽，他对我们高三学生非常关心，我英语不好，曾有一次课堂上看与学习无关的小说，他碰巧发现了，他找我面对面地谈心，为了让我喜欢上英语，他不厌其烦地告诉我如何学好英语，他鼓励我用英语写日记，记下我的想法，在他的帮助下，英语方面我取得了很大的进步，因此我不再害怕英语了。
然后，请同学们在下面的短文中填上一个恰当的介词、副词或冠词。
Mr.Shi，with whom we get along very well，is crazy_________ his work and is very concerned about us students.Once I read a book that has nothing to do my study in class，which he happened to find.After class he talked to me face_____face，and he didn’t get tired_____telling me how to learn English well in order to make me fall____love with English.he also encouraged me to keep____diary in English to t______what I saw and what I thought.______the help of him，I have made great progress _____English，so I am not afraid it any longer.
第五步，单句巩固。
通过单句填空来检测学生是否掌握本课的重点词汇。
msm1．He is such a clever man that he always holds everything in his________(能力)．
2．________(青少年)up to16years old have some right of the adult.
3．Don’t worry.You will________(痊愈)in a few weeks.
4．The boy________(不喜欢)apples，which is bad for his health.
5．I think that it is hard for him to________(解决)the problem by himlf.
6．They________(不同意)to my proposal at the begin鄄ning，but I persuaded them finally.
7．My friends and I meet so often as to________(交换；交流)our love stories.
8．Don’t wear long，________(宽松的)clothes when you are doing exerci.
9．I would be very________(感激的)for information about entry to your college.
10．The rain prevented us from eating________(在户外).
参考答案： 1.power 2.Teenagers 3.recover 4.le 6.disagreed7.ateful10.outdoors
总之，笔者认为孤立地记单词，我们是很难记住的，只有结合单词的音、形、义，运用构词法，同义、反义等多种手段，在句子中、语篇中多操练，记住词汇也并非难事。
责任编辑蒋小青
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广东教育·高中2019年第10期
