动词突破篇
动词(短语)表示主语的动作、存在、变化或态度。动词按照动词的意义可以分为实义动词、情态动词、系动词、助动词。
第一讲 谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
动词时态历来是高考考查的重点。动词时态考查虽多，但考向非常集中， 最常考的是一般过去时和一般现在时，其次是现在完成时， 其他时态考查相对较少。因此备考重点是：
①动词时态的基本用法 ②动词语态的基本用法 ③主谓一致
动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)
| 现在时 | 过去时 | 将来时 | 过去将来时 |
一般时 | do/does | did | shall/will do | should/would do |
进行时 | am/is/are doing | was/were doing | shall/will be doing | should/would be doingwve |
完成时 | have/has done | had done | shall/will have done | should/would have done |
完成进 行时 | have/has been doing | had been doing | shall/will have been doing | should/would have been doing |
| | | | |
1.一般时态
(1)一般现在时
①表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
We have meals three times a day.我们一日吃三餐。
②表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。
The sun ts in the west.太阳从西方落下。
③在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I’leverything is beautifull write to her when I have time.
有时间我会写信给她。
(2)一般过去时
①表示过去发生的一次性或习惯性动作或状态。
We often played basketball together.中国考试教育网
我们(过去)经常在一起打篮球。
②时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时。
He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her.
他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
单句语法填空
①The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed (form) the core collection of the British Muum which/that opened in 1759.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ语法填空)
②The unmanned Chang’e－4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chine moon goddess—touched (touch) down last week in the South Pole－Aitken basin.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)
③When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed (point) down the river.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)
④New methods meant__(mean)that fewer people worked in farming.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)
⑤While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it is(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)
⑥Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment，school comes (come) first.I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.”(全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)
2．进行时态
(1)现在进行时(am/is/are＋现在分词)
①表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
He is working on a paper.他在写一篇论文。
②与always，often等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩。
The girl is always talking aloud in public.
这个女孩总是在公众场合大声说话。
③表示位置转移的动词可用进行时代替将来时。这样的动词有go，come，start，leave，arrive，begin，return等。
I’m leaving for Beijing next month.
我下个月要去北京。
(2)过去进行时(was/were＋现在分词)
过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候他在读一本有趣的书。
(3)将来进行时(will/shall＋be＋现在分词)
表示将来某时或某一时段正在进行的动作，常表示事情的正常发展。
I’ll be doing some houwork tomorrow afternoon.
明天下午我将要干些家务活。
补全句子
①Listen! Mary is__singing__an__English__song__in__the__classroom．
听！玛丽正在教室里唱一首英文歌。
②He was__watching__TV__at__home from 3：00 to 5：00 yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午从3点到5点他一直在家看电视。
③They will__be__meeting__us at the station.
他们会在车站接我们的。
3．将来时态
(1)一般将来时
①“will/shall＋动词原形”表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，即单纯的将来事实。
I shall call you as soon as I arrive.
我一到就给你打电话。
They will probably go to Shanghai for their holiday.
他们可能去上海度假。
②一般将来时的常用结构
·用于“I expect, I’m sure, I think, I wonder＋宾语从句”中 ·用于“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”中 ·与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用 |
|
Don’t worry about the exam.I’m sure you’ll pass.
不要担心这次考试，我确信你会通过的。
If you ask him, he will help you.
如果你请他帮忙，他会帮助你的。
③表示一般将来时的特殊结构
right here waiting for you·be going to do sth表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。 ·be to do sth表示按计划或安排即将做某事，或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。 ·be about to do sth表示即将发生某事。该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用。 |
|
He is going to speak on TV this evening.
他今晚要在电视上讲话。
approach
Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain.
看这些乌云，要下雨了。
When are you to leave/leaving for home?
你什么时候回家？
The train is about to start.火车就要开了。
(2)过去将来时(should/would＋动词原形)
①过去将来时是“立足过去，着眼未来”的一种时态，常用于宾语从句中。
He said he would be here at eight o’clock.
他说他将在八点钟到这里。
②三种表示过去将来时的特殊结构
·was/were going to＋动词原形 ·was/were to＋动词原形 ·was/were about to＋动词原形 |
|
I thought it was going to rain.
我当时觉得要下雨。
He told me he was to get married the next week.
streamline他告诉我他下周结婚。
单句写作免费少儿英语学习网
①我今天下午有空。(shall do)
I__shall__be__free__this__afternoon.
②如果你努力，就会成功的。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
Work__玻璃杯的英文hard__andhappiness是什么意思英语__you__will__succeed.
③除非下雨，否则我们是要去的。(unless)
We__shall__go__unless__it__rains.
④这条公路将在五月份通车。(be to do)
The__highway__is__to__be__open__to__sgitraffic__in__May.
⑤今年冬天我打算买一件新大衣。(be going to)
I’m__going__to__buy__a__new__coat__this__winter.
4．完成时态
(1)现在完成时(have/has＋过去分词)
①表示一个动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在(甚至到将来)。常与之连用的时间状语有：lately，recently，in the last(past) few days/years，since then，up to now，so far等。
In the past few years，great changes have taken place in my hometown.
