谓语动词的主动形式表⽰被动意义
谓语动词的主动形式表⽰被动意义
1. 英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，ll，read，write，
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wash等，当它们被⽤作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常⽤其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。
This kind of cloth washes well.
注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，⽽被动语态则强调外界作⽤造成的影响。
试⽐较：The door won't lock．（指门本⾝有⽑病）
The door won't be locked．（指不会有⼈来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是⼈的原因）
2. 表⽰“发⽣、进⾏”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come
out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表⽰被动意义。
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How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？
3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表⽰感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel
等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表⽰被动意义。
Your reason sounds reasonable.
五、⾮谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可⽤动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。
1. 在need，want，require, bear等词的后⾯，动名词⽤主动形式表⽰被动意义，其含义
相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The hou needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房⼦需要修理。the descendants
2. 形容词worth后⾯跟动名词的主动形式表⽰被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；⽽
worthy后⾯跟动词不定式的被动形式。
The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）
3. 动词不定式在名词后⾯作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，⼜和句中另⼀名词
或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表⽰被动含义。
I have a lot of things to do this afternoon．(to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关
系。)试⽐较：
I?ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处⽤不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执⾏者。)
4. 在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补⾜语的结构中，句⼦的主语或宾语⼜是动词
不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常⽤不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有
nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.
5. 在too… to…结构中，不定式前⾯可加逻辑主语，所以应⽤主动形式表⽰被动意义。
This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6. 在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式⽤主动式作定语，重
点在⼈，⽤被动形式作定语，重点在物。例There is no time to lo（to be lost）．（⽤to lo可看成for us to lo；⽤to be
7. 在be to do结构中的⼀些不定式通常应⽤主动表主动, 被动表被动。然⽽，由于古英语
的影响，下列动词rent, blame, let等仍⽤不定式的主动形式表⽰被动意义。
省份英文Who is to blame for starting the fire?
六、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
表⽰⽅位的介词与含动作意义的名词合⽤，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前⼀般不⽤冠词。
1. “under +名词”结构，表⽰“某事在进⾏中”。常见的有：under control（受控制）, under
treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施⼯中）。
The building is under construction( is being constructed).
2. “beyond+名词”结构，“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief (令
⼈难以置信)，beyond one?s reach（鞭长莫及），beyond one?s control（⽆法控制），beyond our hope．我们的成功始料不及。
The rumour is beyond belief（=can?t be believed）．
3. “above+名词”结构, 表⽰“(品质、⾏为、能⼒等) 超过……、⾼于……”。
His honest character is above all prai．=His honest character cannot be praid
enough．
toread4. “for+名词”结构，表⽰“适于……、为着……”。如：for sale(出售), for rent
（出租）等。
That hou is for sale. (= That hou is to be sold).
5. “in+名词”结构，表⽰“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print（在印刷中），in
拳头英文sight(在视野范围内)，等。
The book is not yet in print．(=is not yet printed)
晚练21⾼⼀英语⽜津版模块四Unit 1 Advertising 单元练习
⼀．单项选择：
1 It is a pity that quite a lot of customers __ the advertiments and buy a lot of goods they don?t really need.
A fall for
B have fallen for
C fell into
D have fallen into
2 I don?t think the man is ____ for the job, for he is not ___to do it.
A accessible, qualified
B available, qualified
C available, qualifying
D accessible, qualifying
3 The naughty boys couldn?t, _____,get out of the troublesome problem by themlves.
C as if
D even if
4 In my opinion, the best friend is one ______your sorrows and joys.
A with which to share
B with whom to share
C with that to share
D with whom sharing
5 Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but he hung up ___ I could answer the phone.
A .as B. since C .until D. before
6 The key__ the problem between the company and the consumer is__ the demands___ by the consumers.
A to solving, to meet, making
B to solving, to meet, made
C to solve, met, making
D to solve, meeting, made
7 ----I put him down as a well-educated man. ---------_______?----I mean that he is a
well-educated man.
A I beg your pardon
B Speak louder, plea
C What is that?
D Will you repeat your words
8 ______ do you think of the design of the cloth?
A What, type
B How, design
C Who, color
D What, design
9 He was unable to ______ to the group what he meant.
A get through
B get across
C get down
clo your eyesD get around
10 He suddenly saw Sue ______ the room. He pushed his way ______ the crowd of people to get to her.
A across, across
B over, through
C over, into
11 He left the place, ______never ______ back again.
A determined, to come
B being determined, to come
C determined, coming
D determining, coming
12 Within a year he ______ from teller to assistant cashier.
A promoted
B was promoted
C had promoted
D had been promoted
13 If you don?t like it, you don?t have to ______.
A pay
B pay it
C pay for
D pay for the money
nt from my iphone14 -----He hasn?t slept at all for three days. He is tire d out.——____________________.
A There is no point
B There is no need
C it is no wonder
D it is no way
15 Do remember go and e your uncle whenever ______.
A you are convenient
sweetheartB you will be convenient
C it is convenient to you
D it will be convenient to you
16 This story had a ______ending.
A satisfied
B satisfying
C satisfaction
D satisfy
17 ______ criticized, Mike would accept none of them.
A His being
B While being
C Even if being
18 Where do you _____ going for your holidays this year?
A intend
B expect
C pretend
D mean
19 ----Is Bob still performing? ---I?m afraid not. He is said ___ the stage already as he has become an official.
A .to have left
B to leave
C to have been left
D to be left
20 I don?t know what____________.
A was the matter
B is the matter
C the matter was
D the matter is
21 When do you think ______visit her uncle?
A she was going?
B she will go to
C will she go
D will she go to
22 Plea tell me ______ to have your coffee----black or white?
piccureA what would you like
B what you would like
C how you would like
D how would you like
23 Do you know______________?
A how many stomachs does an ant have
B how many stomaches an ant has
C how many stomachs an ant has
D how many stomaches an ant have
24 The manager left word with his cretary _____ he would call again in the afternoon.
A who
B which
C as
