同意的英文Chine porcelain enjoys a long history. In ancient time, like silk, Chine porcelain was the main exporting article of China. Chine porcelain is one important part of Chine culture and history. It is the wisdom crystallization of Chine nation.
中丘To some extent we can say the pottery was the forerunner of Chine porcelain. After the invention of pottery in the Neolithic period, (5000-2200 BC), the ancient Chine succeeded in producing painted pottery, black pottery and carved pottery. The long time of experience in kiln firing led China entering into a new ceramic age in the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) although archaeological finds have revealed that glazed pottery was produced as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty (1100-771 BC), yet the production of glazed wares was not common until the Han Dynasty.
An obvious change in the attitude of figure modeling in the Six Dynasties (265-588 AD.) was the inclination to include more details, an effort to make the models look more real. Six Dynasties potters also succeeded in improving the quality of early celadon wares both in glaze color and in body clay. The production of glazed proto-porcelain was a significant achievement in Chine ceramic history.
During the Tang Dynasty (618 – 907AD), a large number of porcelain wares were in daily u. Chine patterns on the wares also took on more exotic appeal. The Yue and De kiln of Zhejiang Province had features that were the most popular ones, and another one, Xing kiln in Hebei Province was greatly prized for its white porcelain as 'white like snow'. Kilns baking porcelain for the royalty sprang up producing elegant and dainty works. The major contribution made by Tang dynasty was the production of sancai, or tri-color pottery figurines. Tang pottery figurines comprid three major categories, namely human figures, animals and fabulous tomb guards.
In the Song Dynasty (960 – 1279AD), a variety of genres of porcelain appeared and it became a fashion that people showed great interest in purchasing and collecting certain wares suitable to their tastes. Ru, Ding, Ge, Jun and the official kilns had been the reprentatives of that age. Official kilns advocated conci patterns of decoration; Ru kiln in Hebei Province added treasured agate into glaze so that the color and texture appeared to be uniquely daintily creamy and could be compared with jade. Henan Province had two famous kilns named Jun and Ding kilns. Since the reign of Emperor Hui
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zong who liked art appreciation, porcelain of Jun kiln was kept exclusively for the royal family. Since the artisans made their porcelain wares parately, there was no repetition among decorative patterns and colors. Thus this made each porcelain product more precious in its own right. Ding kiln boasted its white porcelain which has a texture as delicate as that of ivory with an adornment of black and purple glaze. Distinctive from the other four kilns which stresd color, this one was quite good at engraving and printing flower patterns. While the Ge Kiln produced porcelain articles with various grains and produced an amount of artworks greater than tho of the other four.
The production of blue and white porcelain appeared at the end of the Yuan dynasty (1279-1368AD). Cobalt was applied in the porcelain industry.
中学生爱国演讲稿唐雎不辱使命原文及翻译In Yong Le reign (1403-1424), both the potting and glazing techniques improved and wares attained a whiter body and richer blue than tho of Yuan dynasty ware. The underglaze blue of the Yong Le wares and Xuan De (1426-1435AD) wares noted for their rich blue tone. Throughout the Ming dynasty, dragon and phoenix were the most popular
decorative motifs on ceramic wares. Other animals, plant forms, and human figures in garden and interior tting were often ud as decors for blue and white wares. It has been noted that after Wan Li (1573-1620AD), very few ceramic wares of the Ming dynasty bear reign marks.
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godlion>huskyThe fashionable Wucai wares of Jia Jing (1522-1566) and Wan Li (1573-1620) periods are usually fully covered with colorful patterns. Very often the colors are a bit too heavy. The colors ud include red, yellow, light and dark green, brown, aubergine and underglaze blue. In Ming dynasty, a variety of porcelain wares were decorated with motifs coming up on colored ground instead. They included wares with green glazed pattern on a yellow ground, yellow glazed pattern on a blue ground, green glazed pattern on a red ground and other color combinations.
Another remarkable category of colored wares produced in the Ming dynasty was the Sancai or 'tri-color'. The major three colors are yellow, green and aubergine. Tri-color wares of the Ming dynasty appeared in the reigns of Xuan De, Jia Jing and Wan Li.
The peak of Chine ceramic production was en in the reigns of Kang Xi (1622-1722AD), Yong Zheng (1723-1735AD) and Qian Long (1736-1796AD) of the Qing dynasty during which improvement was en in almost all ceramic types, including the blue and white wares, polychrome wares, wucai wares, etc. The improved enamel glazes of early Qing dynasty being fired at a higher temperature also acquired a more brilliant look than tho of the Ming dynasty. The production of Doucai wares in the Yong zheng period reached new height both in quantity and technical perfection.
14年高考作文kangaroo
