2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40
points)
Text1
France,which prides itlf as the global innovator of fashion,has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman.Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.
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The parliament also agreed to ban websites that“incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.
高傲的意思Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health.That’s a start.And the ban on ultra-thin models ems to go beyond protecting models from starring themlves to health–as some have done.It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it nds women,especially teenage girls,about the social tape–measure they must u to determine their individual worth.
The bans,if fully enforced,would suggest to woman(and many men)that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty.And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques.
The French measures,however,rely too much on vere punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing.Under the law,using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a$85,000fine and six months in prison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.In Denmark,the United States,and a few other countries,it is trying to t voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.
In contrast to France’s actions,Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age,health,and other characteristics of models.The newly revid Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states,we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals,especially on young people.The charter’s main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen.Fashion week,which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute.But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misu of body ideals may be the best step.Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
21.According to the first paragraph,what would happen in France?
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[A]Physical beauty would be redefined
[B]New runways would be constructed
bugout[C]Websites about dieting would thrive
[D]The fashion industry would decline
22.The phra“impinging on”(Line2Para2)is clost in meaning to
[A]heightening the value of
[B]indicating the state of
[C]losing faith in
三年级下册英语教学计划[D]doing harm to
23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry
[A]The French measures have already failed
[B]New standards are being t in Denmark
[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure
[D]Its inherent problems are getting wor
24.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for
[A]tting perfect physical conditions
[B]caring too much about models’character
[C]showing little concern for health factors
[D]pursuing a high age threshold for models
25.Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?
[A]A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals
[B]A Dilemma for the starving models in France
[C]Just Another Round of struggle for beauty
[D]The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry
Text2
For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country.In Britain this has had a
curious result.While polls show Britons rate“the countryside”alongside the royal family.Shakespeare and the National Health Service(NHS)as what make them proudest of their country,this has limited political support.
A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish hous but to save“the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”.It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience“a refreshing air”.Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts.They don’t make countryside any more,and every year concrete consumes more of it.It needs constant guardianship.
At the next election none of the big parties em likely to endor this ntiment. The Conrvatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conrvation,
even authorizing“off–plan”building where local people might object.The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable.Labour likewi wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppo development.The Liberal Democrats are silent only u nsing its chance,has sides with tho pleading for a more considered approach to using green land.Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conrvative parties.
The nsible place to build new hous factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place.The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million hous in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts.What is true of London is even truer of the
provinces.The idea that“housing crisis”equals“concreted meadows”is pure lobby talk.The issue is not the need for more hous but,as always,where to put them under lobby pressure,George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal.He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biad one.Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow.They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character.We do not ruin urban conrvation areas.Why ruin rural ones?
hkt mDevelopment should be planned,not let trip,After the Netherlands,Britain is Europe’s most crowed country.Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence,while still permitting low-density urban living.There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal,Spain or Ireland.Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.
26.Britain’s public ntiment about the countryside
[A]is not well reflected in politics
[B]is fully backed by the royal family
[C]didn’t start fill the Shakespearean age
[D]has brought much benefit to the NHS
27.According to paragraph2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being
[A]largely overshadowed
[B]properly protected
[C]effectively reinforced
[D]gradually destroyed
28.Which of the following can be offered from paragraph3
[A]Labour is under attack for opposing development
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[B]The Conrvatives may abandon“off-plan”building
[C]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conrvation
[D]The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence
29.The author holds that George Osbornes’s preference
[A]shows his disregard for the character of rural area
奥际留学[B]stress the necessity of easing the housing crisis
[C]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure
[D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas
基里巴斯30.In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of
[A]the size of population in Britain
木箱英语[B]the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain
[C]the town-and-country planning in Britain
[D]the political life in today’s Britain
Text3
“There is one and only one social responsibility of business”wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel Prize-winning economist“That is,to u its resources and engage in activities designed to increa its profits.”But even if you accept Friedman’s premi and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR)policies as a waste of shareholders’s money,things may not be absolutely clear-act.New rearch suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are procuted for corruption.
The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than$15billion a year on CSR,according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm.This could add value to their business in three ways.First,consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal”that a company’s products are of high quality.Second,customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect may to donate to the good caus it helps.And third,through a more diffu“halo effect”whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating the effects becau consumers can be affected by all three.A recent study attempts to parate them by looking at bribery procutions under American’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act （FCPA）.It argues that since procutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.
