2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题真题
（答案整理截至2015-12-27）
Section I U of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choo the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
铸造是什么意思 In Cambodia the choice of a spou is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,１tho of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spou on his own and them ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations. or the young man's parents may make the choice of a spou, giving the child little to say in the lection. 4 , a girl may veto the spou her parents have chon. 5 a spou has been lected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short rmon and 8 prayers of blessin
g. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists ,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a flew hou nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to 14 ,but not common .Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spou retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly -acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up .The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait the months.
1. [A] by way of [B] as well as [C] on behalf of [D] with regard to
2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C]compete with [D] decide on
3. [A] clo [B] renew [C]arrange [D] postpone
4. [A] In theory [B] Above all [C] In time [D] For example
5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless
6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through
7. [A] sine [B] or [C] but [D] so
8. [A] test [B]copy [C]recite [D] create
9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying
10. [A] lighting [B] passing [C] hiding [D] rving
11. [A] meeting [B] association [C] collection [D]union
12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D]live
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13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] for [D] if
14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D]avoid
15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] expod
16. [A]wherever [B] however [C] whenever [D]whatever
17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed
18. [A] divided [B] invested [C] donated [D] withdrawn
19. [A]clears [B] warms [C] shows [D] breaks
20. [A]while [B] so what [C]once [D] in that
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
France, which prides itlf as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.
The parliament also agreed to ban websites that" incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models ems to go beyond protecting models from starring themlves to health -as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it nds women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must u to determine their individual worth.
The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .
The French measures, however, rely too much on vere punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.
英语必修三单词
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to t voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.
In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revid Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misu of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?
[A] Physical beauty would be redefined
[B] New runways would be constructed
[C] Websites about dieting would thrive
[D] The fashion industry would decline
22. The phra "impinging on"(Line2 Para2) is clost in meaning to
[A] heightening the value of销量英语
[B] indicating the state of
[C] losing faith in
[D] doing harm to
23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry
[A] The French measures have already failed
[B] New standards are being t in Denmark
[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure
[D] Its inherent problems are getting wor
24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for
[A] tting perfect physical conditions
[B] caring too much about models' character
[C] showing little concern for health factors
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[D] pursuing a high age threshold for models
25. Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?
[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry's Body Ideals
[B] A Dilemma for the starving models in France
[C] Just Another Round of struggle for beauty
[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry
Text 2
For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate "the countryside" alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.
A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish hous but to save "the beauty of natural places for everyone forever". It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience "a refreshing air". Hill's pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don't make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.
At the next election none of the big parties em likely to endor this ntiment. The Conrvatives' planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conrvation,
even authorizing "off-plan" building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable de
velopment has been defined as profitable. Labour likewi wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppo development. The Liberal Democrats are silent only u nsing its chance, has sides with tho pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conrvative parties.
The nsible place to build new hous factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified
enough sites for half of million hous in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea that "housing crisis" equals "concreted meadows" is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more hous but, as always, where to put them under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biad one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conrvation areas. Why ruin rural ones?
Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe's most crowed
country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.
26. Britain's public ntiment about the countryside
[A] is not well reflected in politics
[B] is fully backed by the royal family
[C] didn't start fill the Shakespearean age
[D] has brought much benefit to the NHS
27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being
[A] largely overshadowed
[B] properly protected
[C] effectively reinforced
[D] gradually destroyed
28. Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3
[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development
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[B] The Conrvatives may abandon "off-plan" building
[C] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conrvation
[D] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence
29. The author holds that George Osbornes's preference
[A] shows his disregard for the character of rural area
[B] stress the necessity of easing the housing crisis
[C] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure
[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas
30. In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of
[A] the size of population in Britain
新概念2 [B] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain
[C] the town-and-country planning in Britain
[D] the political life in today's Britain
Text 3
"There is one and only one social responsibility of business" wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist "That is, to u its resources and engage in activities designed to increa its profits." But even if you accept Friedman's premi and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders's money, things may not be absolutely
watch是什么意思clear-act. New rearch suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are procuted for corruption.
The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their business in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a "signal" that a company's products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect may to donate to the good caus it helps. And third, through a more diffu "halo effect" whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating the effects becau consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to parate them by looking at bribery procutions under American's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（FCPA）.It argues that since procutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.
The study found that，among procuted firms，tho with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm's political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
In all, the study concludes that whereas procutors should only evaluate a ca bad on its merits, they do em to be influenced by a company's record in CSR. "We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials." says one rearcher.
Rearchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much business ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.
31. The author views Milton Friedman's statement about CSR with
[A]uncertainty
[B]skepticism
[C]approval
[D]tolerance
32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by建设项目可行性研究
[A]guarding it against malpractices
[B]protecting it from consumers
[C]winning trust from consumers.
[D]raising the quality of its products
33. The expression "more lenient"(line 2,Para.4)is clost in meaning tond
[A]less controversial
[B]more lasting
[C]more effective
[D]less vere
34. When procutors evaluate a ca, a company's CSR record
[A]comes across as reliable evidence
[B]has an impact on their decision
