绝密★启用前
croatoan
2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（一）
（科目代码：201）
试卷条形码
☆考生注意事项☆
pressing1. 答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡
指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
2. 考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条
形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。
3. 选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须
书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。
4. 填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写
部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
casual是什么意思（以下信息考生必须认真填写）
考生编号
考生姓名ebony
Section ⅠU of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choo the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2 in the wrong place often carries a high 3 .
4 , why do we trust at all? Well, becau it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains relea oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instinct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9 : In a Swiss study, rearchers sprayed oxytocin into the nos of half the subjects; tho subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something el.
中学生英语日记 11 for us, we also have a sixth n for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look 15 . Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty—and realized the tester had 17 them.
Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19 , only five of the 30 children paired with the “ 20 ” tester participated in a follow-up activity.
1. [A] for [B] from [C] like [D] on
2. [A] faith [B] concern [C] attention [D] interest
3. [A] benefit [B] debt [C] hope [D] price
4. [A] Therefore [B] Then [C] Instead [D] Again
5. [A] Until [B] Unless [C] Although [D] When
6. [A] lects [B] produces [C] applies [D] maintains
7. [A] consult [B] compete [C] connect [D] compare
8. [A] at [B] by [C] of [D] to
9. [A] context [B] mood [C] period [D] circle
10. [A] counterparts [B] substitutes [C] colleagues [D] supporters
11. [A] Funny [B] Lucky [C] Odd [D] Ironic
12. [A] monitor [B] protect [C] surpri [D] delight
13. [A] between [B] within [C] toward [D] over
14. [A] transferred [B] added [C] introduced [D] entrusted
15. [A] out [B] back [C] around [D] inside
16. [A] discovered [B] proved [C] insisted [D] remembered
17. [A] betrayed [B] wronged [C] fooled [D] mocked
18. [A] forced [B] willing [C] hesitant [D] entitled
19. [A] In contrast [B] As a result [C] On the whole [D] For instance
20. [A] inflexible [B] incapable [C] unreliable [D] unsuitable
Section ⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?
Don’t dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportion-ately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don’t appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations—trucking, financial advice, software engineering—have aroud their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.
This isn’t to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn’t go so well for Luddites who jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raid living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewi, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.
The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums—from grammar school to college—should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. V ocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.
The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor
and machines. The best us of 3D printers and virtual reality haven’t been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.
Finally, becau automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.
二级建造师注册查询
Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to tho who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.
21. Who will be most threatened by automation?
[A] Middle-class workers.
[B] Low-wage laborers.
[C] Robot owners.
[D] Leading politicians.
22. Which of the following best reprents the author’s view?
[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.
[B] Optimists’ opinions on new tech find little support.
[C] Negative conquences of new tech can be avoided.
[D] Issues arising from automation need to be tackled.
23. Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on
[A] individual needs.
[B] job-hunting skills.
[C] creative potential.
祖国在我心中 演讲稿[D] cooperative spirit.
homs24. The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at
mysteriously
[A] encouraging the development of automation.
[B] preventing the income gap from widening.
[C] easing the hostility between rich and poor.
[D] increasing the return on capital investment.
25. In this text, the author prents a problem with
[A] opposing views on it.纽约时报网站
[B] its major variations.
[C] its alarming impacts.
[D] possible solutions to it.
