英语故事朗读pd-l1表达水平测试方法英文
The PD-L1 expression level can be tested using various methods, including:
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holy cow1. Immunohistochemistry (IHC): This method involves staining tissue specimens with specific antibodies against PD-L1 and visualizing the stained cells under a microscope. The PD-L1 expression level is then assd bad on the percentage of stained cells and the intensity of staining.
teabag2. Flow cytometry: This technique involves labeling cells with fluorescently conjugated antibodies against PD-L1 and analyzing them with a flow cytometer. The PD-L1 expression level is then determined by the mean fluorescence intensity of the labeled cells.
3. Gene expression profiling: This method involves measuring mRNA levels of PD-L1 using quantitative PCR or RNA quencing techniques. The PD-L1 expression level is then determined by the relative fold-change of PD-L1 mRNA levels compared to control samples.
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4. Western blot analysis: This method involves extracting proteins from cell lysates and analyzing them by Western blotting with specific antibodies against PD-L1. The PD-L1 expression level is then determined by the intensity of the PD-L1 band relative to the loading control.
butterflykiss>mfa5. ELISA: This method involves measuring soluble PD-L1 levels in rum or plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The PD-L1 expression level is then determined by the amount of PD-L1 in the sample.
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