Unit 8
一、词汇短语
1. cathedral n. a large, important church大教堂，主教堂
apathy2. peak n. the highest or utmost point of anything; height; maximum最高
标准误差点，顶点；最高值：a novel written at the peak of the writer’s career写于这位作家事业的顶峰时期的小说
3. lucid adj. easily understood; intelligible易懂的，明晰明了的：a lucid literary style
明了的文体
4. ulterior adj. lying beyond what is evident, revealed, or
avowed, especially being concealed intentionally so as to deceive隐秘的，
秘而不宣的：an ulterior motive一个隐秘的意图
5. procution n. the act of procuting执行，实行；
迫害：political procution政治迫害
6. infu vt. to put into or introduce as if by pouring灌输，注入：
to infu knowledge灌输知识
7. Protestant adj. of or relating to Protestants or Protestantism新教的，基督教的
8. obss vt. to preoccupy the mind of excessively使着迷，迷住：be
obsd by/with被…迷住心窍
9. subdue vt. to conquer and subjugate; vanquish征服，使屈服：
chickHuman beings can subdue the nature.人能够征服自然。
10. asceticism n. the principles and practices of an ascetic;
extreme lf-denial and austerity禁欲主义，苦行
11. substitute n. one that takes the place of another; a
replacement代用品，替代品；代替者：u plastics as a substitute for steel
用塑料做钢的代用品
12. succinct adj. characterized by clear, preci expression in
few words; conci and ter简洁的，简明的：a succinct statement简明扼
要的陈述
off the hook13. stultify vt. to make em foolish, stupid, inconsistent;
make absurd or ridiculous使显得愚笨
14. devoid adj. completely lacking; destitute or empty全无的，缺乏
学困生转化措施的：be devoid of common n缺乏常识；devoid of all gratitude忘恩负
义
15. premium n. a sum of money or bonus paid in addition to a
regular price, salary, or other amount奖金：a night-shift premium夜班
津贴[扩展]put a premium on奖励，鼓励；重视
16. slovenly adj. marked by negligence; slipshod懒散的，马虎
的：Such slovenly work habits will never produce good products.这样马
马虎虎的工作习惯决不能生产出优质产品来。
n1
17. slowdown n. the process of slowing down, as of production
电脑培训网
降低速度；怠工：economic slowdown经济增长减速
18. manipulation n. shrewd or devious
management操作，操控
19. psyche n. the spirit or soul精神，灵魂：Winning is central
to the American psyche.成功对美国人的心理是至关重要的。
20. psychiatrist n. a physician who specializes in psychiatry精神病专家
21. routinization n. the act or state of being
routinized常规化，惯例化：Specialization and routinization have
reduced the creative aspects of their work.专业化和常规化已经减少了
他们在工作上的创新局面。
22. spontaneity n. the quality or condition of being
spontaneous自发性，自发的情况：His behavior was out of spontaneity.
他的行为是自发性的。
23. deep-ated adj. deep-rooted; firmly established根深蒂固的，深层的
24. gadget n. a small, uful, and cleverly-designed machine or
tool小配件，机械装置
25. cereal n. a breakfast food made from grain and usually eaten
with milk谷物，谷类食品
26. toaster n. a machine ud for toasting bread烤箱，烤炉
27. drudgery n. hard boring work苦工，苦差事：He spent his life
in pointlessly tiresome drudgery.他的一生都在做毫无意义的烦人的苦差事。thin怎么读音发音
28. bliss n. extreme happiness; ecstasy幸福无比，非常快乐：It’s sheer bliss
to be able to spend the day in bed.整天都可以躺在床上真是幸福。
29. knob n. a rounded handle, as on a drawer or door圆形把手
30. craving n. a consuming desire; a yearning渴望，热望：craving
for knowledge求知欲
31. fraudulency [] n. deceit; trickery; cheating欺诈，骗诈
32. intoxication n. exhilaration, excitement, or
euphoria陶醉；欣喜若狂，极度兴奋：alcoholic intoxication酒精中毒33. fleeting [ adj. passing quickly; ephemeral飞逝的，短暂的：Art
is long, and time is fleeting.艺术长青，而时光飞逝。不喜欢的英文
二、课文精解
1. However primitive and simple his method of work may be：句中however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter how，意为“无论”。
2. He emerges from nature by mastering her：该句使用了拟人手法，用her代指nature。
3. There is no ulterior motive in work other than the product being made：other than“除了……之外”，例：He never speaks to me other than to ask for something.他除了向我要东西，从不跟我说话。
4. Man, being afraid of his newly won freedom, was obsd by the need：be obsd by“被……困扰，着迷”，例：obsd by the fear of unemployment老是
害怕失业。
5. Work has become alienated from the working person：短语alienate sb from指“使疏远，离间”，常用于被动语态，例：Many artists feel alienated from society.很多艺术家都感到与社会脱节。
6. No wonder that this puts a premium on slovenly work：no wonder that，固定结构，意为“这并不出奇，难怪”，例：No wonder you were late!难怪你来晚了！
7. …or anything el, provided it rais his output and diminishes friction：provided 此处作连词，引出条件句，意为“倘若，假若”。例：I’ll agree to go provided my expens are paid.如果费用报销，我就同意去。
8. It’s not difficult to recognize the widespread longing for the state…：短语long for sth指“渴望，非常想拥有某事物”。
9. You need not even bother to lower the bread：bother to do sth“为做某事费功夫，添麻烦”。例：He didn’t even bother to say thank you.他甚至连说一声谢谢都不肯。
10. The pleasure of driving cars certainly rests partly upon the same satisfaction：
rest on/upon sth“建立在某事物基础上，基于某事物”，例：His fame rests more on his plays than on his novels.他出名靠的是他的戏剧，而不是小说。
11. …which is much less conscious than our craving for laziness and inactivity：句中，
our作动名词词组craving for的逻辑主语，构成动名词复合结构。crave for“渴望，渴求某事物”，例：I was craving for a drink.我非常想喝点儿东西。
12. Many a businessman feels himlf the prisoner of his business：此句要注意主谓
一致问题，many a后应接单数名词，该词组作主语时，谓语动词需用单数。例：Many
a book was sold.卖出了很多书。
13. …which is sufficiently disturbing to be t aside as quickly as possible：t aside
在句中指“不理会或不顾，放弃或回绝某事物”。该短语还可表“（为某目的）节省或保留”、“撤消或驳回（裁决）”之意。例：I try to t aside a few minutes each day to do some exerci.我每天尽量腾出一些时间锻炼身体。The judge’s decision was t aside by the Appeal Court.法官的判决被上诉法庭驳回。
三、文体修辞
1、文体
本文是一篇说明文（a piece of expository writing）。
作者Fromm分析了工人与其工作关系的变化，在中世纪（Medieval Ages）之前，人是比其他动物更加高级的，人是创造性的，摆脱了自然的束缚；中世纪之后，中产阶级因为义务（duty）而工作，贫穷的人因为生计而被迫工作，人们被动工作，不再是积极主动地去工作，就是这种被迫工作使得人们对于工作的满意度大大降低。于是，人们努力寻求简单、懒散的工作方式。
2、修辞
本文涉及的修辞手法主要有simile（明喻）等，该修辞方式已在前面的单元起到，故在此不再赘述。
四、全文翻译
工人是创造者还是机器
>glad是什么意思
